lís

lîs

lís ("lîs")noun "honey", "oblique līr- but usually from stem liss-" (PE17:154). Compare the reading in the Etymologies: lis (liss-, e.g. dat.sg. lissen) (LIS; Tolkien originally wrote lissë, VT45:28)

lís

noun. honey, honey, *sugar, sweetener

A word for “honey” in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 given as lîs and derived from the root √(G)LIS (PE17/154); the usual representation of a long vowel in Quenya would be ✱lís. In DLN Tolkien said that it sometimes appeared as līr- in inflections with the usual change of intervocalic s to r, but that its usual stem form was liss-. Indeed, in The Etymologies of the 1930s this word was ᴹQ. lis “honey” under the root ᴹ√LIS of the same meaning, and its stem form was also liss- as indicated by its [ᴹQ.] genitive lissen (Ety/LIS). Tolkien originally gave the base noun as lisse in The Etymologies, but this was deleted and replaced by lis (EtyAC/LIS). In The Etymologies its Noldorin cognate was N. glî.

Conceptual Development: A likely precursor to this word was ᴱQ. ile “honey” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, cognate to ᴱN. glí “honey” (GL/59).

Neo-Quenya: Since there are other honey-words in Quenya like Q. nehtë, I would use lís (liss-) for sweeteners in general, including both honey and sugar.

Derivations

• √LIS “*sweet, [ᴱ√] sweetness, [ᴹ√] honey” ✧ PE17/154

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√(G)LIS > lîs	[līs]	✧ PE17/154

Variations

• lîs ✧ PE17/154

írissë

desire

Írissë fem. name (PM:345), evidently connected to írë "desire".

írë

desire

írë (1) noun "desire". (ID). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, írë was also the name of a long carrier with an i-tehta above it, denoting long í. (VT45:17).

írë

noun. desire, desire, [ᴹQ.] longing

Derivations

• √IR “desire, long for, desire, long for; [ᴹ√] desirable, beautiful”
• √ID “desire, long for” ✧ PE17/112

Element in

• Q. Írildë
• Q. írima “desirable, lovely” ✧ PE17/112
• Q. Írimon
• Q. Írissë “*Desirable Lady”
• Q. Irmo “Desirer”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ID > ír-	[īde] > [īðe] > [īre]	✧ PE17/112

Variations

• ír- ✧ PE17/112 (ír-)

irmo

masculine name. Desirer

Vala of visions and dreams, spouse of Estë, usually referred to by the name of his realm Lórien (S/28). His name is translated “(Master of) Desire” or “Desirer” (MR/150, WJ/403, PE21/85). It is probably a translation of his (unknown) Valarin name (WJ/403). It is most likely a compound of írë “desire” and the agental suffix -mo.

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion revisions from the beginning of the 1950s, this name first appeared as Lís, later changed to Irmo (MR/150). In earlier Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, ᴹQ. Lórien was his true name, and he was also known by the sobriquet ᴹQ. Olofantur.

Changes

• Lís → Irmo ✧ MR/150
• Lís → Irmo ✧ MRI/Lís

Elements

Word	Gloss
írë	“desire, desire, [ᴹQ.] longing”
-mo	“agental suffix”

Variations

• Lís ✧ MR/150; MRI/Lís

melu

honey

#melu noun "honey", isolated from melumatya, q.v. (PE17:68)

melu

noun. honey

A word for “honey” appearing only in the compound Q. melumatya “honey-eating” in notes from 1967 (PE17/68).

Element in

• Q. melumatya “honey-eating” ✧ PE17/068
• ᴺQ. meluquetya “sweet-speaking person, flatterer”

milmë

desire, greed

milmë noun "desire, greed" (MIL-IK)

yesta-

desire

yesta- (1) vb. "desire" (YES, VT46:23; the latter source indicates that Tolkien did write yesta- with a final hyphen, indicating that this is "desire" as a verbal stem, not as a noun).

nectë

honey

nectë noun "honey" (LT1:262; Tolkien's later Quenya has lis; otherwise, nectë would have had to become nehtë_, a form appearing in the Etymologies with the meaning "honeycomb" [VT45:38]. However, this word clashes with _nehtë "angle" or "spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory" from later sources [PE17:55, UT:282].)

nehte

noun. honey

honey

nehtë

noun. honey, honey; [ᴹQ.] honeycomb

A noun for “honey” appearing in 1970 green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2) derived from ✶negdē “exudation” based on the root √NEG “ooze, drip” (PE19/91). It was a later iteration of ᴹQ. nehte “honeycomb” in The Etymologies of the 1930s which had essentially the same derivation (EtyAC/NEG). This in turn was a later form of ᴱQ. nekte “honey” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√NEHE having to do with bees and honey (QL/65).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d use this word only for “honey”. For “honeycomb” I’d use ᴺQ. nehtelë inspired by ᴱQ. nektele “honeycomb” (QL/65)

Cognates

• S. nîdh “juice, [N.] honeycomb; [S.] juice” ✧ PE19/091
• T. nettë “honey” ✧ PE19/091

Derivations

• ✶negdē “exudation” ✧ PE19/091
  • √NEG “‽ooze, drip, ooze, drip; *honey” ✧ PE19/091

Element in

• ᴺQ. nehtelë “honeycomb”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶negdē > nehte	[negdē] > [nektē] > [nextē] > [nexte]	✧ PE19/091

Variations

• nehte ✧ PE19/091

medlin

adjective. honey-eater, bear-like

aníra-

verb. to desire

glî

honey

glî (i **lî**);

glî

honey

(i ’lî);

îr

sexual desire

(VT46:23)

aníra

desire

(vb.) aníra- (i aníra, in anírar);

aníra

desire

(i aníra, in anírar);

nîdh

honeycomb

(construct nidh; no distinct pl. form) (VT45:38).

necte, nette

noun. honey

honey

nettë

noun. honey

Cognates

• Q. nehtë “honey, honey; [ᴹQ.] honeycomb” ✧ PE19/091

Derivations

• ✶negdē “exudation” ✧ PE19/091
  • √NEG “‽ooze, drip, ooze, drip; *honey” ✧ PE19/091

Variations

• necte/nette ✧ PE19/091

glî

noun. honey

glî

noun. honey

A word for “honey” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶g-lisi under the root ᴹ√LIS of the same meaning (Ety/LIS).

Conceptual Development: In Early Noldorin Word-lists Tolkien also had ᴱN. glí “honey” (PE13/144), presumably similarly derived from the early root ᴱ√LISI. However, in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the word for “honey” was G. neglis with an initial element √neg- (GL/59), the Gnomish equivalent of the early root ᴱ√NEHE that was the basis for ᴱQ. nekte “honey” (QL/65). It is possible that the second element of G. neglis was based on ᴱ√LISI and this was carried forward into later “honey” words.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. lis “honey” ✧ Ety/LIS

Derivations

• ᴹ✶glisi “honey” ✧ Ety/LIS
  • ᴹ√LIS “honey” ✧ Ety/LIS

Element in

• ᴺS. glidheb “like honey”
• N. megli “bear, (lit.) honey-eater”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶g-lisi > glî	[glisi] > [glihi] > [glih] > [glīh] > [glī]	✧ Ety/LIS

îr

noun. sexual desire

meglin

adjective. honey-eater, bear-like