_ n. & poss. suff. my tongue. fennas nogothrim lasto beth lammen _'doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the words of my tongue'. Q. lambenya. >> -en, lam
Sindarin
lammen
noun. my tongue
lammen
suffix. my tongue
lammen
adjective. of tongue, spoken with tongue
An adjective for “of tongue, spoken with tongue” appearing in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/46). In Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 Tolkien instead gave lammen as the first singular possessive (“my”) form of S. lam “tongue” as part of a paradigm of possessive suffixes (PE17/46), which is more consistent with the translation “of my tongue” from The Lord of the Rings in the phrase fennas nogothrim, lasto beth lammen (LotR/307). The existence of the possessive form doesn’t necessarily preclude the existence of the adjective; see the discussion of Sindarin possessive pronouns for more information.
Cognates
- Q. lambina “of tongue, spoken with tongue” ✧ PE17/046
lam
noun. physical tongue
lam
tongue
_ n. _tongue. Q. lambe. >> lammen
lam
noun. (physical) tongue; language, (physical) tongue; language, [G.] speech
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- S. fennas nogothrim, lasto beth lammen “doorway of the Dwarf-folk listen to the word of my tongue” ✧ LotR/0307; PE17/046
- S. Lammas “Account of Tongues”
- S. lammen “of tongue, spoken with tongue” ✧ PE17/046
- ᴺS. tallam “conlang”
- ᴺS. úlam “dumb, unable to speak, (lit.) untongued”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶lambē > lam(m) [lambē] > [lambe] > [lamb] > [lamm] > [lamm] > [lam] ✧ VT39/15 ✶lambē > lam [lambē] > [lambe] > [lamb] > [lamm] > [lamm] > [lam] ✧ WJ/394 ✶lambā > lam [lambā] > [lamba] > [lamb] > [lamm] > [lamm] > [lam] ✧ WJ/394 Variations
- lam ✧ PE17/046; WJ/394; WJ/394
- lam(m) ✧ VT39/15
-en
suffix. my
nín
adjective. my
The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was however noted that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44
nín
pronoun. my
Derivations
- ✶ni “I, me”
Element in
- S. ae Adar nín i vi Menel “our Father who [art] in Heaven” ✧ VT44/22
- S. alae! ered en Echoriath, ered e·mbar nín “[?behold!] the mountains of Echoriath, the mountains of my home!” ✧ UT/040; UT/054
lammen
my tongue
.
lammen
my tongue
lammen.
lam
tongue
(both body-part and = ”dialect, language”) lam (pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.
lam
tongue
(pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.
lammas
account of tongues
nín
my
nín (following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
nín
my
(following a noun with article: i adar nín, ”my father”). Not to be confused with nîn ”watery, wet” or as noun ”tear”, or the pl. form of nên ”water”. – In a very few attested cases, the pronoun ”my” appears as an ending -en added to a noun (lammen ”my tongue”, guren ”my heart”).
There was a long controverse between linguists, as to know whether this form was an adjective ("of the tongue, related to the tongue") or the word lam.1 with a suffixed possessive ("my"). See guren for a similar form