Sindarin 

hoth

host (nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense in S

_ n. _host (nearly always used in evil or at least unfriendly sense in S.). host << host, mob. Q. ñauro. >> glamhoth, Lossoth, ngaur

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:39] < _khottă_ < KHOT gather, together in confusion, jumble. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

hoth

noun. host, horde, host, horde, [N.] crowd; group plural; [ᴱN.] folk, [G.] people; †army

Sindarin [PE17/039; RGEO/62; SA/hoth; UT/313] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

Sindarin [Ety/364, S/432] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gaurhoth

noun. group of werewolves

Sindarin [LotR/II:IV] gaur+hoth "wolf-host". Group: SINDICT. Published by

urui

noun/adjective. hot

Sindarin [LotR/D] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hoth

host

(noun) 1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth). 2) rim (great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”. 3) gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). WOLF-HOST, see under WEREWOLF (concerning gaurhoth**).

hoth

host

(i choth, o choth) (crowd, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth).

hoth

horde

hoth (i choth, o choth) (crowd, host), pl. hyth (i chyth)

hoth

crowd

1) hoth (i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth), 2) ovras (heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath, 3) rim (great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

hoth

horde

(i choth, o choth) (crowd, host), pl. hyth (i chyth)

hoth

crowd

(i choth, o choth) (host, horde), pl. hyth (i chyth)

hothron

noun. captain

urui

noun. August, *Hot-one

Sindarin [LotR/1110; SA/ur] Group: Eldamo. Published by

born

adjective. hot, red

Sindarin [Letters/426-27] Group: SINDICT. Published by

born

adjective. hot, red

dornhoth

thrawn folk

(WJ:388, 408)

gaurhoth

werewolf

).

úrui

hot

1) úrui (no distinct pl. form), 2) born (red), lenited vorn, pl. byrn.

born

hot

(red), lenited vorn, pl. byrn.

úrui

hot

(no distinct pl. form)

brassen

white-hot

(lenited vrassen, pl. bressin)

gwaith

host

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, regiment, people, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith). –

rim

host

(great number, crowd), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim), coll. pl. rimmath. Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

gaur

werewolf

gaur (i ngaur = i ñaur), pl. goer (in goer = i ñgoer), coll. pl. gaurhoth (attested in lenited form: i ngaurhoth, "the [were]wolf-host": gaur + hoth "host")

gaur

werewolf

(i ngaur = i ñaur), pl. goer (in goer = i ñgoer), coll. pl. gaurhoth (attested in lenited form: i ngaurhoth, "the [were]wolf-host": gaur + hoth "host")

gaur

noun. werewolf

A noun for a “werewolf” (PE17/39; PE19/107; SA/gaur; Ety/ÑGAW), as opposed to a more ordinary wolf which would be [N.] garaf or draug. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. gaur was derived from the root ᴹ√ÑGAW “howl” (Ety/ÑGAW), and a similar derivation appeared in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s (PE19/106-107), but in notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien said the meaning of its root was “falsify, deform, disguise” (PE17/39).

Sindarin [LBI/Gaurhoth; LotR/0299; PE17/039; PE19/107; SA/gaur; UT/054] Group: Eldamo. Published by

urui

noun/adjective. the month of august

Sindarin [LotR/D] Group: SINDICT. Published by

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath. See WILD MAN.

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath

drúnos

folk

Drúnos (i Dhrúnos), pl. Drúnys (in Drúnys), coll. pl. Drúnossath.

gwedh

bind

*gwedh- (i **wêdh, in gwedhir), pa.t. gwedhant, in older language also gwend**. In LR:397 s.v.

hest

captain

hest (i chest, o chest), pl. hist (i chist)

nod

bind

nod- (i nôd, i nedir) (tie), pa.t. likely *nunt since the root is __ (LR:378).

urui

august

Urui

ûr

heat

ûr (fire), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.

gaur

noun. werewolf

werewolf

Sindarin [PE 19:107] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

rim

noun. crowd, host, great number

Sindarin [Ety/383, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/382, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

brass

white heat

(i vrass, construct bras), pl. brais (i mrais) if there is a pl.

gwedh

bind

(i ’wêdh, in gwedhir), pa.t. gwedhant, in older language also gwend. In LR:397 s.v.

hest

captain

(i chest, o chest), pl. hist (i chist)

nod

bind

(i nôd, i nedir) (tie), pa.t. likely ✱nunt since the root is NUT (LR:378).

othrim

noun. army

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ovras

crowd

(heap), pl. evrais (archaic övrais), coll. pl. ovrassath

rim

crowd

(great number, host), no distinct pl. form except with article (idh rim). Note: a homophone means ”cold pool or lake”.

urui

august

ûr

heat

(fire), pl. uir. Notice the homophone ûr ”wide”.

Noldorin 

hoth

noun. host, crowd; group plural

Noldorin [Ety/KHOTH; PE21/57] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hoth

noun. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense)

Noldorin [Ety/364, S/432] Group: SINDICT. Published by

úrui

noun. August, *Hot-one

gaur

noun. werewolf

Noldorin [Ety/ÑGAW; LR/284; PE21/57; TI/187] Group: Eldamo. Published by

brass

noun. white heat

Noldorin [Ety/351] Group: SINDICT. Published by

draugluin

masculine name. Werewolf

Noldorin [LRI/Draugluin; SMI/Draugluin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gaur

noun. werewolf

Noldorin [Ety/377] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwedh-

verb. to bind

Noldorin [Ety/397, X/ND1] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ovras

noun. crowd, heap.

Noldorin [Ety/396] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhim

noun. crowd, host, great number

Noldorin [Ety/383, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/382, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhimb

noun. crowd, host, great number

Noldorin [Ety/383, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/382, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Primitive elvish

hot

root. sneeze

Primitive elvish Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

Quenya 

saiwa

hot

saiwa adj. "hot" (LT1:248, 255, 265); rather lauca in Tolkien's later Quenya

hont

noun. sneeze

hototyossë

noun. a cough and a sneeze

hotya-

verb. to sneeze

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

hotsë

noun. army, band, troop

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

úrimë

noun. August, *Hot-one

Quenya [LotR/1110; SA/ur; UTI/Úrimë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

liyúmë

host

liyúmë noun "host" (VT48:32)

liyúmë

noun. host

laucehtelë

noun. hot spring

A neologism for “hot spring” appearing in the Neo-Quenya Wiki, a combination of Q. lauca “warm” and Q. ehtelë “spring”.

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

úrin

adjective. (blazing) hot

sausa

noun. bath water, hot water

úrë

noun. heat

The name of tengwa #36 [.] in The Lord of the Rings Appendix E (LotR/1123), a derivative of √UR “heat” (PE22/160). This name probably reflects its use for u-diphthongs in Tengwar spelling.

Conceptual Development: In the 1st edition of The Lord of the Rings the name of tengwa #36 was úr “heat” (RC/736), and in earlier documents on The Feanorian Alphabet this word was glossed “fire, heat” (PE22/51) or just “fire” (PE22/23); see the discussion under ᴹQ. úr for further details.

Quenya [LotR/1123; RC/736] Group: Eldamo. Published by

asta-

to heat, bake (by exposure to sun)

asta- (2) vb. "to heat, bake (by exposure to sun)" (PE17:148)

hesto

captain

hesto noun "captain" (VT45:22; the word is not explictly identified as Quenya but can hardly be any other language)

horma

horde, host

horma noun "horde, host" (LT2:341)

hos

folk

hos noun "folk" (LT2:340)

hossë

army, band, troop

hossë noun "army, band, troop" (LT2:340)

nauro

werewolf

nauro ("ñ")noun "werewolf" _(ÑGAW, PE17:39; according to the latter source, the word was adapted from Sindarin gaur)_.

rimbë

crowd, host, great number

rimbë noun "crowd, host, great number" (RIM, SA:rim, Letters:282)

sanga

crowd, press, throng

sanga (þ) noun "crowd, press, throng" (STAG, SA:thang, LT2:342; pl. sangar (?) twice in Narqelion). In Sangahyando (þ) masc. name "Throng-cleaver", name of a man in Gondor _(SA:thang; a footnote in Letters:425 explains that "throng" here means a closely formed body of enemy soldiers. In the Etymologies, stems STAG, SYAD, _sangahyando is said to be a swordname, and LT2:342 likewise defines the word as a name of Turambar's sword: "cleaver of throngs, Throng-cleaver".)

úr

noun. heat

úrimë

heat

Úrimë (in some editions Urimë, but this seems to be an error; cf. úrë "heat") noun, name of the eighth month of the year, "August" (Appendix D, SA:ur-, UT:302)

úrë

heat

úrë noun "heat", also name of tengwa #36 (Appendix E)

Black Speech

-hai

suffix. folk

Adûnaic

lâi

collective noun. folk

A noun appearing only as an element in kadar-lâi “city folk” (SD/435). It may be related to Q. lië “people”, as suggested by various authors (AAD/18, AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/LAI). In at least one Avari dialect, this word was lai (WJ/410).


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

hont

noun. sneeze

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. hont (honty-) “sneeze” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√HOTYO of the same meaning (QL/50).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain this word as ᴺQ. hont “sneeze” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√HOT, but without the more elaborate stem form. Note that -nt remained a valid (but rare) final consonant cluster in Tolkien’s later conception of Quenya.

Early Quenya [QL/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hotyo-

verb. to sneeze

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. hotin “I sneeze” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with past tense hontye, derived from the early root ᴱ√HOTYO “sneeze” (QL/50); the verb stem is probably also hotyo-.

Neo-Quenya: I’d adapt this word as ᴺQ. hotya- “to sneeze” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, based on a Neo-Root ᴺ√HOT, but redefined as a ya-formative verb and hence with past tense ✱hotonye.

Early Quenya [QL/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hototyosse

noun. a cough and a sneeze

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. hototyosse “a cough and a sneeze” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a combination of ᴱ√HOTYO “sneeze” and ᴱQ. tyos (tyoss-) “cough” (QL/41).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain these elements for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d retain the compound form ᴺQ. hototyossë as well.

Early Quenya [QL/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hosta

noun. folk

saiwa

adjective. hot

Early Quenya [LT1/248; LT1A/Sári; PME/081; QL/081] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sausa

noun. bath water, hot water

Early Quenya [QL/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

úrin

adjective. (blazing) hot

Early Quenya [LT1A/Ûr; PME/098; QL/098] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hosse

noun. army, band, troop

Early Quenya [LT2A/Glamhoth; QL/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

hotyo

root. sneeze

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “sneeze”, with various Early Qenya derivatives of similar meaning (QL/41). Since there are no good later words meaning “sneeze”, I think it is worth retaining ᴱ√HOTYO as a Neo-Eldarin root ᴺ√HOT in order to salvage these Early Qenya sneeze-words.

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hotho

root. bind

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

m(b)ṇðṇ

root. bind

Early Primitive Elvish [PME/058; QL/058; QL/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

hoth

noun. folk, people, †army

Gnomish [GG/09; GL/49; LT1A/Orc; LT2A/Glamhoth; LT2A/Gondothlim; PE13/102; PE15/26; PE15/27; QL/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hothri

noun. army

Gnomish [GL/49; LT1A/Orc] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hothrim

noun. army

hothron

noun. captain

Gnomish [GL/49; LT1A/Orc] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sair

adjective. hot

tanfa

proper name. lowest of all airs, hot air of the deep places

Gnomish [GL/51; GL/69; LT1A/Tanyasalpë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

urin

adjective. hot, very hot

grim

noun. host, folk

Gnomish [GL/54; LT2A/Gondothlim; QL/032] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

hoth

noun. host, folk

Early Noldorin [PE13/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

boer

noun/adjective. hot, raging; heat, rage

boir

noun/adjective. hot, raging; heat, rage

Early Noldorin [PE13/139; PE13/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

bordh

noun/adjective. heat, rage; hot, raging, wroth

Early Noldorin [PE13/139; PE13/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oren

adjective. hot (weather)

Early Noldorin [PE13/151; PE13/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

úrime

noun. August, *Hot-one

hesto

noun. captain

nauro

noun. werewolf

Old Noldorin 

baraha

adjective. hot, burning

Old Noldorin [Ety/BARAS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

barasā

adjective. hot, burning

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BARAS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

b’rássē

noun. heat

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/BARAS] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rap

root. bind

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “bind” but without derivatives (EtyAC/RAP). The element S. raph (“?rope”) in S. Udalraph “Stirrupless” (“?without (U-) foot-rope”) might be related (UT/313).

Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/RAP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wed

root. bind

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “bind” with derivatives like ᴹQ. vére/N. gwaedh “bond, troth, compact, oath” and ᴹQ. vesta-/N. gwesta- “swear”, though Tolkien deleted Quenya derivatives of this root beginning with ves- saying they fell out of use due to conflict with ᴹ√BES “wed” (Ety/WED). This root might be a later iteration of the hypothetical early root ✱ᴱ√FEDE indicated by words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s like G. fedhin “bound by agreement; ally, friend” and G. fedhra- “unite in a band” (GL/34), but the 1910s and 1930s forms are rather dissimilar so it is hard to say.

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WED; Ety/WEN; Ety/WŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

hest

noun. captain

A noun glossed “captain” derived from the root ᴹ√KHES “command” (EtyAC/KHES). The language of this word is unclear; Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne indicated it might be ?Bel. for Beleriandic = Ilkorin.

Doriathrin [EtyAC/KHES] Group: Eldamo. Published by