Quenya 

hastaina

adjective. marred

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
hasta-“to mar”
-ina“adjective suffix; passive participle”

Variations

  • Hastaina ✧ MR/254

hasta-

mar

#hasta- vb. "mar"(verbal stem isolated from the passive participle hastaina "marred"). (MR:254)

hasta-

verb. to mar

Derivations

Element in

χarina

adjective. marred

Derivations

Element in

-na

suffix. slain

A shorter ending -na also occurs, e.g. nahtana "slain" (VT49:24); the example hastaina "marred" would suggest that *nahtaina is equally possible. In the example aistana "blessed" (VT43:30), -na may be preferred to -ina for euphonic reasons, to avoid creating a second diphthong ai where one already occurs in the previous syllable (*aistaina). In PE17:68, the ending -ina is said to be "aorist" (unmarked as regards time and aspect); the same source states that the shorter ending -na is "no longer part of verbal conjugation", though it obviously survives in many words that are maybe now to be considered independent adjectives. See -na #4.

harin

marred

*harin adj. "marred" (PE17:150). The word is given as χarin*, where the initial Greek chi presumably represents [x]; in later [MET] pronunciation and spelling, this would become harin**.

nanca

slain

nanca adj. *"slain" (PE17:68); see -na

-ina

general 'passive' participle

-ina ending for what Tolkien called "general 'passive' participle" (VT43:15); compare nótina "counted", rácina "broken", hastaina "marred" (q.v.). The stem-vowel is usually lengthened when the ending is added to the stem of a primary verb (as in the two first examples above), though the lengthening fails to occur (or is not denoted) in carina as the passive participle of car- "make, do" (VT43:15).

sahta

adjective. marred

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SAK “?hurt, injury”

Element in

Variations

  • Sahta ✧ MR/405

úvana

adjective. marred

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ú-“no, not, un-, in-; hard, difficult, bad, uneasy; hardly, with difficulty, ‘badly’”
vanya“fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden), fair, beautiful, unmarred; fair-haired (yellow to golden); [ᴱQ.] good (not evil), holy”

Variations

  • Úvana ✧ PE17/150
Quenya [PE17/149; PE17/150] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harina Reconstructed

adjective. marred

Sindarin 

dangen

adjective. slain

An adjective for “slain” derived from primitive ✶dankĭna (PE17/133), best known from its (mutated plural) appearance in the name Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain” (S/197). N. dangen “slain” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK). This adjective is likely the passive participle of the verb dag- “to slay”.

Conceptual Development: A similar adjective ᴱN. danc “killed in battle” appeared in the Early Qenya Phonology of the 1920s, also related to ᴱN. dag- “slay” (PE14/66).

Cognates

  • north S. dachen “slain” ✧ PE17/133

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
dankĭna > daŋχen > danghen > dangen[daŋkina] > [daŋkʰina] > [daŋxina] > [daŋxena] > [daŋxen] > [daŋgen]✧ PE17/133
dankĭna > nenghin[daŋkini] > [daŋkʰini] > [daŋxini] > [deŋxini] > [deŋxin] > [deŋgin]✧ PE17/133
Sindarin [PE17/097; PE17/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dag

slain

(passive participle of dag- "slay", but treated almost like a derived noun) dangen (i nangen, o ndangen), pl. dengin (i ndengin; the spelling "in-ndengin" occurs in the Silmarillion). Compare SLAY.

dag

slain

"slay", but treated almost like a derived noun) dangen (i nangen, o ndangen), pl. dengin* (i ndengin*; the spelling "in-ndengin" occurs in the Silmarillion). Compare

Primitive elvish

dankĭna

adjective. slain

Derivatives

  • north S. dachen “slain” ✧ PE17/133
  • S. dangen “slain” ✧ PE17/133
Primitive elvish [PE17/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

khas Reconstructed

root. mar

A (hypothetical) root serving as the basis for Q. †χarina and Q. hastaina “marred” from the 1950s and 60s.

Derivatives

Noldorin 

dangen

noun. slain

Noldorin [Ety/375] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dangen

adjective. slain

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NDAK > dangen[ndaŋkina] > [ndaŋkʰina] > [ndaŋxina] > [daŋxina] > [daŋxena] > [daŋxen] > [daŋgen]✧ Ety/NDAK
ᴹ√NDAK > Ndengin[ndaŋkini] > [ndaŋkʰini] > [ndaŋxini] > [daŋxini] > [deŋxini] > [deŋxin] > [deŋgin]✧ Ety/NDAK
Noldorin [Ety/NDAK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

North sindarin

dachen

adjective. slain

Cognates

  • S. dangen “slain” ✧ PE17/133

Derivations

Element in

North sindarin [PE17/133] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

mar

masculine name. Mar

Another name for Aule in an very early name list of the Valar (PE14/12). It seems to be mar “Earth” used as a name.

Cognates

Variations

  • Aule Mar ✧ PE15/08
Early Quenya [GL/18; PE14/012; PE15/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by