Quenya 

sangahyando

masculine name. Throng-cleaver

A descendant of Castamir who led the forces of Umbar against Gondor (LotR/1048). His name is a compound of sanga “throng” and hyando “cleaver” (Let/425, PE17/116).

Conceptual Development: In the early Qenya Lexicon, ᴱQ. Sangahyando “cleaver of throngs” was given as a name for Túrin Turambar’s sword (QL/81), and the name ᴹQ. Sangahyando appeared in The Etymologies as the name of a sword (Ety/STAG, SYAN). Its use for a man of Umbar did not emerge until The Lord of the Rings appendices, where it appeared as Sangahyanda in the 1st edition of The Lord of the Rings, changed in the 2nd edition to Sangahyando (PM/215).

For the most part, Tolkien gave the meaning “throng” to the initial element and “cleaver” to the final element, but in his phonetic notes from the Tengwesta Qenderinwa and the Outline of Phonology from the 1950s, he seems to have considered assigning the meaning “throng” to the second element (PE18/101, PE19/92).

A short form Sangian “throng-hewer” appeared in linguistic notes from the early 1930s (PE21/32).

Changes

  • SangahyandaSangahyando ✧ PMI/Sangahyanda

Elements

WordGloss
sanga“throng, press, pressure, press, pressure; throng, [ᴹQ.] crowd, pack; [ᴱQ.] tight mass; [ᴹQ.] crowded, packed”
hyando“cleaver, cleaver, [ᴹQ.] hewer (sword)”

Variations

  • Sangahyanda ✧ PE17/116; PMI/Sangahyanda (Sangahyanda)
Quenya [Let/425; LotRI/Sangahyando; PE17/116; PMI/Sangahyanda; SA/thang] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

Hadhafang

Hadhafang

Hadhafang (or Haðafang) is mentioned as a Noldorin "sword-name" in The Etymologies, mentioned in the entries SYAD and STAG. Another dissimilated form given is Havathang. It is said to be a cognate of Quenya Sangahyando, "throng-cleaver". The names have not been used by Tolkien in his stories, while Sangahyando was eventually used as a person's name, of a corsair of Umbar.

Sindarin [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

Noldorin 

hadhafang

proper name. Throng-cleaver

Noldorin name for ᴹQ. Sangahyando appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, as combination of hâdh “✱cleaver” and thang “throng” (Ety/SYAD, STAG). It was dissimilated from the older form †Hadhathang; Tolkien also listed a variant dissimilation havathang (Ety/STAG).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the Gnomish equivalent of ᴱQ. Sangahyando was given as G. Hanthang, G. Sangair and (rejected) Thangairo[s?], with the last letter unreadable in the third variant (GL/48, 67, 72).

Changes

  • hafathanghavathang ✧ Ety/STAG

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. Sangahyando “Throng-cleaver” ✧ Ety/STAG; Ety/SYAD

Elements

WordGloss
hâdh“*cleaver”
thang“compulsion, duress, need, oppression”

Variations

  • haðathang ✧ Ety/STAG (haðathang); Ety/SYAD
  • havathang ✧ Ety/STAG
  • haðafang ✧ Ety/STAG; Ety/SYAD
  • hafathang ✧ EtyAC/STAG (hafathang)
Noldorin [Ety/STAG; Ety/SYAD; EtyAC/STAG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

sangahyando

proper name. Throng-cleaver

Cognates

  • N. Hadhafang “Throng-cleaver” ✧ Ety/STAG; Ety/SYAD

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶Stangasyandō “throng-cleaver, throng-hewer” ✧ Ety/SYAD; PE21/32

Elements

WordGloss
sanga“crowd, throng, press, pack; crowded, packed”
hyando“cleaver, hewer (sword)”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶stangasyandō > sangahyando[θaŋgasjandō] > [θaŋgasjandō] > [θaŋgaj̊ando] > [θaŋgaj̊ando] > [saŋgaj̊ando]✧ Ety/SYAD

Variations

  • sangahyando ✧ Ety/STAG; Ety/SYAD
  • Sangian ✧ PE21/32
Qenya [Ety/STAG; Ety/SYAD; PE21/32] Group: Eldamo. Published by