Quenya 

enquië

enquië

enquië noun, Eldarin six-day week, pl. enquier (Appendix D). Cf. enquë "6". Compare lemnar, otsola.

enquië

noun. Elvish week of six days

Elements

WordGloss
enquë“six”
-ië“abstract noun, adverb”

Variations

  • enquie ✧ PE17/119
Quenya [LotR/1107; PE17/119] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enquë

cardinal. six

enquë ("q") cardinal "six" (ÉNEK, VT48:4, 6, 9, VT49:57); enquëa ordinal "sixth" (VT42:25); see also enquië. According to VT48:8, the word for "six" may have been encë ("k") in very early Quenya (the form is asterisked by Tolkien), but this was altered to enquë under the influence of yunquë "twelve" (perceived as meaning "2 times 6", *yú-enquë, with the prefix - "twi-").

enquë

cardinal. six

Cognates

  • S. eneg “six” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • T. enec “six” ✧ VT48/06; VT48/08

Derivations

  • ENEK “six” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
enk- > enque[eŋkwe]✧ PE17/095
eneke/enke > enque[eneke] > [eŋke] > [eŋkwe]✧ VT48/07
eneke > enke > enque[eneke] > [eŋke] > [eŋkwe]✧ VT48/08
enek > enekw > enque[eneke] > [eŋke] > [eŋkwe]✧ VT48/09
enekwe > enque[enekwe] > [eŋkwe]✧ VT48/10

Variations

  • enque ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10
Quenya [PE17/095; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lemnar

week

lemnar noun "week" (of five days) (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK). Compare enquië, otsola.

otsola

week

otsola noun "week" (evidently referring to a week of seven days like our own, since otso = seven). (GL:62). Compare enquië, the Eldarin six-day week, and lemnar, a five-day week.

Sindarin 

eneg

cardinal. six

Sindarin [Ety/356, VT/42:25,31, VT/48:6,8] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eneg

cardinal. six

Cognates

  • Q. enquë “six” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06; VT48/08

Derivations

  • ENEK “six” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/08

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
enk- > eneg-[eneke] > [enek] > [eneg]✧ PE17/095
eneke > eneg[eneke] > [enek] > [eneg]✧ VT48/08

Variations

  • eneg- ✧ PE17/095
Sindarin [PE17/095; VT42/25; VT48/06; VT48/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lefnar

noun. week (of five days)

Sindarin [VT/45:27, X/LH, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eneg

cardinal. six

eneg;

eneg

six

;

enecthui

sixth

also ✱engui (the latter is David Salo’s suggested normalized form of a word that actually appears as enchui in the source, but the longer form enecthui can be used to avoid the problem) (VT42:25).

lefnor

week

(of five days) *lefnor, pl. lefnoer

lefnor

week

pl. lefnoer

odlad

noun. week

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

Telerin 

enec

cardinal. six

Cognates

  • Q. enquë “six” ✧ VT48/06; VT48/08

Derivations

  • ENEK “six” ✧ VT48/08

Variations

  • enec(e) ✧ VT48/08
Telerin [VT48/06; VT48/08; VT48/21] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

enek

root. six

The root and words for “six” remained very similar throughout Tolkien’s life. The earliest form of this root was ᴱ√ENE “six” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with the derivative ᴱQ. ende “six” (QL/35). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, the Qenya word for “six” became ᴱQ. enqe [enkwe] with variant enekse (PE14/49, 82), implying a primitive base ✱enek-. This primitive form was made explicit in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the root was given as ᴹ√ENEK “six” with derivatives ᴹQ. enqe and N. eneg (Ety/ÉNEK). The root and its derivatives retained this form thereafter.

Tolkien spent a fair amount of time analyzing the origin of this root and the basis for the Q. addition of w in various notes on Elvish numbering systems written in 1968 (VT41, VT42, VT47, VT48). One connection Tolkien regularly made was between √ENEK “six” and √ENED “middle”, as “six” was the “middle” of the duodecimal system of numbering (VT41/16; VT48/9); in this respect it was probably an elaboration of the root √NEK “divide, separate, part” by analogy with √ENED (VT47/16; VT48/9). The Quenya -we may have been either a dual suffix based on “six” as twice three (VT48/10) or it might have been by analogy with other important duodecimal numbers like Q. minquë “eleven” and Q. yunquë “twelve” (48/7). Personally I find the second theory more compelling.

Derivatives

  • Q. enquë “six” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10
  • S. eneg “six” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/08
  • ᴺS. eneph “sixteen”
  • T. enec “six” ✧ VT48/08

Element in

  • yūnekē “twelve, 2 sixes” ✧ VT47/41; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10

Variations

  • enk- ✧ PE17/095
  • enek ✧ VT41/16 (enek); VT47/12; VT47/15; VT47/16; VT47/16; VT47/41; VT48/09; VT48/10
  • en-ek(w) ✧ VT42/24
  • eneke/enke ✧ VT48/07
  • eneke ✧ VT48/08
  • enekē̆ ✧ VT48/08
  • enekwe ✧ VT48/10
  • nekew ✧ VT48/10
Primitive elvish [PE17/095; VT41/16; VT42/24; VT47/12; VT47/15; VT47/16; VT47/41; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

eneg

cardinal. six

Noldorin [Ety/356, VT/42:25,31, VT/48:6,8] Group: SINDICT. Published by

eneg

cardinal. six

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. enqe “six” ✧ Ety/ÉNEK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ENEK “six” ✧ Ety/ÉNEK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ÉNEK > eneg[eneke] > [enek] > [eneg]✧ Ety/ÉNEK
Noldorin [Ety/ÉNEK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhevnar

noun. week

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lemnar “(Valarin five-day) week” ✧ Ety/LEP

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶lepenar “week” ✧ EtyAC/LEP
    • ᴹ√LEPEN “five” ✧ Ety/LEP

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶lepenar > lhevnar[lepenar] > [lepnar] > [lebnar] > [levnar] > [l̥evnar]✧ EtyAC/LEP
Noldorin [Ety/LEP; EtyAC/LEP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhevnar

noun. week (of five days)

Noldorin [VT/45:27, X/LH, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

enqe

cardinal. six

Cognates

  • N. eneg “six” ✧ Ety/ÉNEK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ENEK “six” ✧ Ety/ÉNEK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ÉNEK > enqe[enekwe] > [eŋkwe]✧ Ety/ÉNEK

Middle Primitive Elvish

enek

root. six

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. enqe “six” ✧ Ety/ÉNEK
  • N. eneg “six” ✧ Ety/ÉNEK

Variations

  • ÉNEK ✧ Ety/ÉNEK
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÉNEK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lepenar

noun. week

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LEPEN “five” ✧ Ety/LEP

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. lemnar “(Valarin five-day) week” ✧ EtyAC/LEP
  • N. lhevnar “week” ✧ EtyAC/LEP
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/LEP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

ochlad

noun. week

The word for “week” in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s was G. ochlad. It is related to the word G. odin “seven” and derived from ᴱ✶ot·g’lāta (GL/62), though its exact phonetic development is obscure. Roman Rausch speculated (HPG/2.6) that the [tgl] somehow became [ɣl] (ʒl) and then [ɣl] > [xl] (chl).

Conceptual Development: In a very early list of weekday names, this word appeared as G. oglad (PE14/16, 21), but it was altered to ochlad in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/62).

Neo-Sindarin: There are no later words for a seven-day week in Noldorin or Sindarin. The closest we come is N. lhevnar for the Valarin five-day week, but this is inappropriate since it is based on the root ᴹ√LEPEN “five”.

The later Sindarin word for “seven” was odog from the root √OTOK. It is difficult but not impossible to produce initial och- from this root. Such a form appeared in S. ochui, a variant of othui “seventh”. This word probably developed from ✱✶ot’kō-yā > okkōyā > okkhuia > ochui, similar to the development of ✶etkat- > S. echad-. Perhaps ᴺS. ochlad could be derived from primitive ✱✶ot’k-galáta > okkh’lata > ochlad (“seven shining?”). However, the combination chl does not appear in later Sindarin.

The earlier (replaced) form oglad “week” is more phonetically plausible in Sindarin, since the gl does occur medially. However, this word probably reflects the Gnomish phonetic rule that [[g|[dl] became [gl]]], a rule Tolkien retained in Noldorin but abandoned in Sindarin. So perhaps a more appropriated revised form would be ᴺS. odlad, from ✱ot(ok)-g’lata > otlata > odlad, analogous to the revision of N. eglenn “exiled” >> S. edlen(n).

Changes

  • ogladochlad ✧ GL/62

Cognates

  • Eq. otsola “week” ✧ GL/62; PE14/016; PE14/021

Derivations

Elements

WordGloss
odin“seven (orig[inally] many)”

Variations

  • oglad ✧ GL/62 (oglad); PE14/016; PE14/021
Gnomish [GL/62; PE14/016; PE14/021] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oglad

noun. week

Early Primitive Elvish

ene

root. six

Derivatives

  • Eq. ende “six” ✧ QL/035
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

enqe

cardinal. six

Cognates

Element in

  • Eq. en(ek)kea “sixteen” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. enqendóre “*sextillion” ✧ PE14/082
  • Eq. enqendóra “*six million” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. enekkainen “sixty” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. enetya “sixth” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. enqellume “*six times” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. enqesto “one sixth” ✧ PE14/049; PE14/049; PE14/082

Variations

  • enekse ✧ PE14/049; PE14/082
Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ende

cardinal. six

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ENE “six” ✧ QL/035

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ENE² > ende[endē] > [ende]✧ QL/035
Early Quenya [PME/035; QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enekse

cardinal. six

otsan

noun. week

otsola

noun. week

The Early Qenya word for a seven-day “week” is otsola. It is related to the word otso “seven”, and its Gnomish cognate ochlad is derived from ᴱ✶ot·g’lāta (GL/62). The Qenya word is probably derived from ᴱ✶otso-g’lā, where the second element is a reduced form of ᴱ✶galā > kala “daytime”.

Conceptual Development: In a very early list of weekday names, this word also appeared as ᴱQ. otsan (PE14/16, 21), where its second element was probably derived from sana “day” (GL/29).

Neo-Quenya: There are a couple later words for “week” in Quenya, namely ᴹQ. lemnar and Q. enquië. These describe five- and six-day weeks, respectively and are related to ᴹQ. lempe “five” and Q. enquë “six”. The Elves used a six-day week in Tolkien’s later writing (LotR/1107). The Númenóreans added a seventh day that was adopted throughout the human kingdoms of Middle-earth, but Tolkien did not give a name to this seven-day week.

The later Quenya word for “seven” remained otso, and the later word for the six-day week is a combination of enquë “six” with the abstract-noun suffix -ië. Therefore, otsola might remain a valid Quenya word for a seven-day week, though a revised form !otsolë might fit later Quenya structure better.

Cognates

  • G. ochlad “week” ✧ GL/62; PE14/016; PE14/021

Derivations

Elements

WordGloss
otso“seven”
kala“light”

Variations

  • Otsan ✧ PE14/016
  • Otsola ✧ PE14/016
  • otsan ✧ PE14/021
Early Quenya [GL/62; PE14/016; PE14/021] Group: Eldamo. Published by