caras

noun. built fort or dwelling surrounded by bulkwarks

_ n. _built fort or dwelling surrounded by bulkwarks. Q. carasse. >> Caras Galadon

caras

noun. circular earthwall with dike

caras

noun. city (built above ground)

caras galadhon

place name. City of the Trees

Name of the city of Lórien (LotR/355), translated “City of the Trees” (LotR/353). This name is an adaptation of Nan. Caras Galadon of the same meaning (LotR/1127), replacing Nan. galad “tree” with S. galadh. In pure Sindarin, it would S. Caras i-Ngelaidh (PE17/60). Its initial element is S. (or Nan.) caras “moated fort” and its final element has the Nandorin genitive plural suffix -on.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s and in the 1st edition of The Lord of the Rings, this name appeared as N. Caras Galadon (TI/245, RC/311). In between the 1st and 2nd editions, Tolkien became disatisified with this name, which was clearly different from S. galadh “tree”. In his Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings (WPP) from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien considered changing the meaning of this name so that it, like Galadriel had nothing to do with trees (PE17/84). Ultimately, though, he decided that the form Caras Galadon was Nandorin (PE17/60), and changed the name to its Sindarized form in the 2nd edition of The Lord of the Rings.

caras i-ngelaidh

place name. City of the Trees

The pure Sindarin form of Caras Galadhon, appearing in notes from the mid-1960s (PE17/60). In these notes, it appears as Caras (i)Ngelelaið, but Christopher Gilson suggested the final word was probably a slip for Ngelaið, which would be the ordinary nasal mutation of the plural of galadh “tree”. Its initial element is S. (or Nan.) caras, and the i is the elided form of the plural definite article in, whose elision causes the nasal mutation of the final word.

Caras (i)Ngelelaidh

pure S

{ð} topon. pure S. form of Caras Galadon (used by the Silvan Elves of Lórien). >> Caras Galadon

Caras Galadhon

noun. fortress of the trees

caras (#Nan. “moated fortress”), galadh (“tree”) + #on (#could be Nan. genitive suffix [HKF])

Caras Galadon

place name. not actually related to trees

_ topon. _not actually related to trees. >> carac, galad

caras

caras

It comes from PQ *karasse, Root KAR

caras

noun. a city (built above ground)

caras

noun. circular earthwall with dike

caras

noun. city (built above ground)

caras galadon

place name. Caras Galadon

caras

noun. a moated fort

caras galadon

place name. Caras Galadon

caras

noun. moated fortress

      caras "moated fortress" (UT:257), probably to be compared to Sindarin ("Noldorin") _caras_ "a city (built above ground)", derived from the stem _KAR_ "make, do" (LR:362); the basic meaning may be simply "something made, construction" (compare Quenya car "building, house"). Extensions involving a suffixed stem-vowel and a final _-s_ are attested; cf. for instance _SPAL_ and its extended form _SPALAS_ (LR:387). Hence, _KAR_ could easily have a longer form *_KARAS_. Sindarin caras evidently includes the Grey-elven derivative ending [[-as]], though ([[-as]] is basically used to derive verbal nouns, like English_ -ing_, but these may often take on a more concrete meaning; _car-as_ can probably be compared to English build-ing); the Nandorin ending may be related to the Sindarin one. Yet another possibility would be equating this ending [[-as]] with the collective ending seen in [[Danas]], q.v., and assume that [[car]] means something like "house" (as in Quenya); hence [[caras]] = "group of houses, village", later taking on the meaning "moated fortress" if the Nandor used to surround their villages with moats.

caras

noun. lettuce