amrûn

noun. east, orient

amrûn

noun. east

_n. _east. Q. orrō uprising, sunrise, east. >> rhûn

amrûn

adjective. of the uprising

adj. of the uprising, eastern. Q. ambaróna. >> rhûn

amrûn

noun. sunrise, east, (lit.) of the uprising

Cognates

• Q. Ambaróna “Eastern (Land)” ✧ PE17/091
• Q. rómen “east, uprising, sunrise” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; SA/rómen

Elements

Word	Gloss
am	“up, up, [G.] upwards, towards head of, above”
rhûn	“east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising”

Variations

• Amrûn ✧ LotR/1116

rûn

noun. east

n. #east. Q. rómen.

rûn

noun. east

rhûn

noun. east

rhûn

noun. east

n. east. Q. hrō- uprising, sunrise, east. >> amrûn

rhûn

place name. East

The great inland sea of the East (LotR/1045), which is simply rhûn “east” used as a name.

Conceptual Development: On draft maps for the Lord of the Rings from the 1940s, this name was N. Rhûnaer “Eastern Sea” (TI/307), also appearing as Rúnaer >> Rhúnaer in drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/198). A similar form N. Rúnaeluin appears in the drafts of the final chapters of the Lord of the Rings, and might be a variation of this name (SD/65, 71 note #9).

Elements

Word	Gloss
rhûn	“east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising”

rhûn

noun. east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising

The Sindarin word for “east”, cognate of Q. rómen (LotR/1116, 1123). It was ultimately derived from the root √RŌ/ORO “rise” (Ety/RŌ), and so likely originally meant “rising” as in “rising sun” (PE22/35).

Conceptual Development: The word N. rhûn “east” appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s along with ᴹQ. rómen, both derived from ᴹ√RŌ (Ety/RŌ). At the time, there were no problems with this equivalence, since [[n|initial [r] was unvoiced]] in Noldorin. Tolkien went on to use both these forms in The Lord of the Rings.

Unfortunately, Tolkien later abandoned the unvoicing of initial r in Sindarin, making these two forms problematic. Tolkien considered modifying the Sindarin form to rûn (PE17/88) or the Quenya form to hrómen (PE17/18). The latter was probably derived from an s-strengthened form of the root ᴹ√SRŌ (PE22/127), where the initial sr- would become voiceless [r] in both Quenya and Sindarin. Ultimately, though, he left both forms alone. Perhaps he decided the s-strengthening of the root was a Sindarin-only variant.

Cognates

• Q. rómen “east, uprising, sunrise” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/074; PE17/088; SA/rómen

Derivations

• √(S)RŌ “east”

Element in

• S. amrûn “sunrise, east, (lit.) of the uprising” ✧ PE17/122
• S. Rhudaur “?East Forest”
• S. Rhûn “East”
• S. Rhúnedain “*Easterlings” ✧ PE17/018
• S. rhúnen “eastern” ✧ SA/rómen
• S. Rúnavar ✧ PE17/139
• S. Rúnedhel ✧ PE17/141
• S. Rúneglon

Variations

• Rhûn ✧ PE17/074
• rûn ✧ PE17/088
• rún ✧ PE17/139; PE17/141

rhuven

noun. east

amrûn

uprising

(noun) amrûn (sunrise, orient, east), pl. emrŷn

amrûn

uprising

(sunrise, orient, east), pl. emrŷn

amrûn

sunrise

amrûn (orient, east, uprising), pl. emrŷn

amrûn

sunrise

(orient, east, uprising), pl. emrŷn

amrûn

orient

amrûn (sunrise, east, uprising)

amrûn

orient

(sunrise, east, uprising)

rhûn

east

(?na Thrûn) (maybe primarily ”the East” as a region), also amrûn (sunrise, orient, uprising). The term ✱Rhúven (?na Thrúven) is maybe primarily ”east” as a direction; the final element means ”way”. This word is spelt ”rhufen” in the source (LR:384 s.v. RŌ), but it would seem that f here represents v. –

rhu

east

*(as in Rhudaur ”Eastwood”, name of a realm: rhu- + taur ”wood”)*.