vare

verb. err, stray

fairë

free

fairë (4) adj. "free" (LT1:250) (rather léra, lerina or mirima in LotR-style Quenya)

léra

free

léra adj. noun "free", of persons (VT41:5)

aranya

free

aranya, also ranya, adj. "free". Another gloss was not certainly legible, but the editors suggest "uncontrolling" (VT46:10)

lerina

free

lerina adj. "free" of things: not guarded, reserved, made fast, or "owned" (VT41:5)

mirima

free

mirima adj. "free" (MIS). ("Free" is rather expressed as léra in Tolkiens later Quenya; mirima would be prone to confusion with mírima above.)

wil-

fly

wil- vb. "fly" (1st pers. aorist wilin "I fly"; changed from vilin pa.t. villë, which would be the forms used in later Exilic Quenya. The older pa.t. would be willë.) (WIL). The early "Qenya" lexicon haswili- "sail, float, fly" (LT1:273)

lehta

free, released

lehta (2) adj. "free, released" (VT39:17); #lehta tengwë "free element, released element", a term for "vowel" (only pl. lehta tengwi [ñ] is attested; we would rather expect *lehtë tengwi with the pl. form of the adjective) (VT39:17)

ráva

free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless

ráva (1) adj. "free, unfettered, uncontrolled, lawless" (PE17:78), "wild, untamed"_ (RAB). _In PE17:78, the gloss "wild" is given to the variant hráva instead.

tsette

noun. fly

ramya-

verb. to fly, sail; to wander

Derivations

• ᴹ✶ramya- “to fly, sail; to wander”
  • ᴹ√RAM “*wing, fly” ✧ Ety/RAM

mistana

adjective. stray

Elements

Word	Gloss
mista-	“to stray about”

itsë

noun. fly

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. ITITH “annoy, *itch, irritate; peck, bite (of flies)”

revia-

verb. to wander

lain

adjective. free, freed

renia-

verb. to stray

revia-

verb. to fly, sail

renia

wander

renia- (sail, fly, stray) (i renia, idh reniar).

renia

wander

(sail, fly, stray) (i renia, idh reniar).

ran-

verb. to wander

Derivations

• √RAN “wander, stray, meander, go on an uncertain course, go aside from a course (commanded or self-chosen); err”

renia-

verb. to stray, wander

adleitha

free

(i adleitha, in adleithar), also †adleg- (i adleg, in edlegir), pa.t. adlenc, pp. adlengen, pl. edlengin).

mistad

straying

(i vistad) (error), pl. mistaid (i mistaid). The word appears as ”mistrad” in the source (LR:373 s.v. MIS), but this would seem to be an error.

leitha

set free

(i leitha, i leithar)

rib

fly

rib- (i rîb, idh ribir) (rush, fling)

rib

fly

(i rîb, idh ribir) (rush, fling)

rain

free

rain (wandering, erratic). No distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means ”border” (VT46:10; suggested Sindarin form of ” Noldorin” rhain)

raun

straying

(wandering), pl. roen; also used as noun ”moon” (”the wanderer”). Noun

mista

stray

(verb) 1) mista- (i vista, i mistar), 2) renia- (sail, wander, fly) (i renia, idh reniar). Adj.

mista

stray

(i vista, i mistar)

renia

stray

(sail, wander, fly) (i renia, idh reniar). Adj.

renia

fly

1) renia- (sail, wander, stray) (i renia, idh reniar), 2)

renia

fly

(sail, wander, stray) (i renia, idh reniar)

ler

root. free

A root appearing twice in a list of roots from 1959-60, the first time described as “free (of moveable things or moving things), able to move as willed, unimpeded, unhampered, loose, not fixed fast or static” and the second time as “am free to do, sc., am under no restraint (physical or other)” (VT41/5-6). In the second instance it was compared to √POL which had the sense of being physically able to do something. It seems that √LER = “able to do something because there is nothing preventing it” vs. √POL = “able to something because of physical ability”. It might also be contrasted with √LEK which has the sense of freeing something that was once bound, whereas with √LER the thing that is free may have never been bound in the first place.

Derivatives

• Q. léra “free (of persons)” ✧ PE17/160; VT41/05
• ᴺQ. lerië “issue, release, edition”
• Q. lerina “free (of things)” ✧ PE17/160; VT41/05
• Q. lerta- “to be free to do” ✧ PE17/160; VT41/06
• Q. lerya- “to release, set free, let go” ✧ PE17/160; VT41/05

Element in

• Q. lerya- “to release, set free, let go”

Variations

• ler ✧ VT41/05; VT41/06

ran

root. wander, stray, meander, go on an uncertain course, go aside from a course (commanded or self-chosen); err

This root first appeared as ᴹ√RAN “wander, stray” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. ranya-/N. rhenia- “to stray”, ᴹQ. ránen/N. rhaun “errant”, and ᴹQ. Rana/N. Rhân as names for the Moon (Ety/RAN). These Moon-names also appeared in earlier writings but without clear etymologies (LT1/192; GL/64). Such Moon names continued to appear in later writings, for example: Q. Rána “Wayward” (S/99). The root √RAN itself was mentioned quite frequently in Tolkien’s later writings with glosses like “wander, stray” (PE17/182), “wander, stray, go on uncertain course” (VT42/12) and “err, go aside from a course (commanded or self-chosen)” (PE17/78).

Derivatives

• ✶rānā “moon”
  • Q. Rána “Moon, (lit.) Wayward”
  • S. Raun “Moon” ✧ VT48/07
• Q. Rána “Moon, (lit.) Wayward” ✧ SA/ran; UT/242; VT42/13
• Q. ranya “erratic wandering, erratic wandering; [ᴹQ.] free” ✧ VT42/12; VT42/13
• ᴺQ. ranyar “wanderer”
• S. rain “erratic wandering” ✧ UT/242; VT42/12; VT42/13
• ᴺS. ran- “to wander”

Element in

• Q. Palarran “Far Wanderer”
• S. Aerandir “Sea-wanderer” ✧ SA/ran
• S. Gilrain “*Wandering Star” ✧ SA/ran
• S. Mithrandir “Grey Pilgrim, Grey Wanderer” ✧ SA/ran; UT/242
• S. randir “wanderer, wandering man, pilgrim” ✧ PE17/060; VT42/13
• ᴺS. ranoth “month”

Variations

• RĂNĂ ✧ PE17/060; PE17/182
• ran- ✧ SA/ran; UT/242

rhevia-

verb. to wander

rhenia-

verb. to stray, wander

Cognates

• ᴹQ. ranya- “to stray, *wander” ✧ Ety/RAN

Derivations

• ᴹ√RAN “wander, stray” ✧ Ety/RAM; Ety/RAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√RAN > rhenio	[ranja-] > [rania-] > [renia-] > [r̥enia-]	✧ Ety/RAN

lhain

adjective. free, freed

rhain

adjective. free

Cognates

• ᴹQ. (a)ranya “free” ✧ EtyAC/RAN

Derivations

• ᴹ✶(a)ranyā “free, ?uncontrolling” ✧ EtyAC/RAN
  • ᴹ√RAN “wander, stray” ✧ Ety/RAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶(a)ranı̯ā > rhein > rhain	[ranjā] > [ranja] > [rania] > [renia] > [reni] > [rein] > [r̥ein] > [r̥ain]	✧ EtyAC/RAN

Variations

• rhain ✧ EtyAC/RAN
• erein ✧ EtyAC/RAN (erein)

lhein

adjective. free, freed

mista-

verb. to stray

rhenia-

verb. to stray

rhevia-

verb. to fly, sail