ú

prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)

ú-

prefix. no, not, negative; impossible, no, not, negative; impossible; [N.] bad-

Cognates

• Q. ú- “no, not, un-, in-; hard, difficult, bad, uneasy; hardly, with difficulty, ‘badly’” ✧ PE17/062

Derivations

• √UG “dislike” ✧ PE22/160
• √Ū “denial of fact, privation, negative element, denial of fact, privation, negative element, [ᴱ√] not” ✧ VT42/33

Element in

• S. ú-chebin estel anim “I have kept no hope for myself” ✧ LotR/1061
• S. Udalraph “Stirrupless” ✧ UT/313
• ᴺS. úgan(n) “gutless, faint-hearted, diffident”
• S. úgarol “not now doing or making, idling” ✧ PE17/144
• S. úgarth “trespass, *(lit.) misdeed” ✧ VT44/28
• ᴺS. úgethiol “boring, (lit.) not interesting”
• S. uin gar “I do not make” ✧ PE17/145
• ᴺS. úlam “dumb, unable to speak, (lit.) untongued”
• S. úlan(n) “narrow, (lit.) not broad” ✧ PE17/144
• S. Úmarth “Ill-fate”
• S. únodui “countless” ✧ PE17/144

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√û > ú	[ū-]	✧ VT42/33

Variations

• ū- ✧ PE17/062; PE17/144; PE17/144
• ú ✧ PE17/145; PE22/160; VT42/33; VT44/28 (ú)
• U- ✧ UT/313
• ū ✧ WJ/369

ú-

prefix. impossible

û

interjection. no

adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).

annui

adjective. western

pen-

without

(ben-) _ pref. _without,**less. pen-adar 'fatherless'. >> ben-, ú-

di-

prefix. beneath, under

The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word di

pen

preposition. without, lacking, -less

al

not

al- (prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.

al

not

(prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.

al-

prefix. not

pref. not. >> alfirin

ava

will not

(i ava, in avar).

baw

interjection. no, don't!

baw!

no

! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix

baw!

no

(don’t!) Prefix

dî

beneath

dî, unstressed di (in, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

dî

beneath

unstressed di (in, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

gobennas

history

1) gobennas (i **obennas), pl. gebennais (i ngebennais = i ñebennais), collective pl. gobennnassath**. (Archaic pl. *göbennais.) 2) pennas (i bennas, o phennas) (account), pl. pennais (i phennais), coll. pl. pennassath

gobennas

history

(i ’obennas), pl. gebennais (i ngebennais = i ñebennais), collective pl. gobennnassath. (Archaic pl. ✱göbennais.)

lae-

verb. to not be

Derivations

• ✶lā- “to not be”
  • √LA “no, not; negative; not to be” ✧ PE22/153

law

adverb. not

Derivations

• √LA “no, not; negative; not to be”

pennas

history

(i bennas, o phennas) (account), pl. pennais (i phennais), coll. pl. pennassath

said

not common

(lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (separate, private, excluded) (VT42:20)

ú

not

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin ”I do not keep”) (without). Verb

ú

not

u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin ”

ú

without

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

ú

without

u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

gú

no, not

also ú

annui

western

annui. No distinct pl. form.

annui

western

. No distinct pl. form.

ar

without

(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)

ar

without

(outside)

pen

without

1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)

pen

without

(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.