um-

verb. to not be, to not do

Derivations

• ᴹ√UMU “negative stems” ✧ Ety/LA; Ety/UGU
  • ᴹ√GŪ “no, not” ✧ Ety/UGU; Ety/GŪ
• ᴹ√GŪ “no, not” ✧ EtyAC/ƷŪ

Element in

• ᴹQ. ananta úva táre fárea, ufárea “but yet it will not be enough, not enough” ✧ LR/072
• ᴹQ. lau(me) “no, no indeed not, on the contrary” ✧ Ety/LA

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√UGU > ume	[um-]	✧ Ety/LA
ᴹ√UGU > uin	[ugin] > [uɣin] > [uin]	✧ Ety/UGU
ᴹ√ƷŪ > humin	[ɣumin] > [humin]	✧ EtyAC/ƷŪ

lá-

verb. to not be

Derivations

• ᴹ√LA “no, not; to be not” ✧ PE22/126

Element in

• ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen ela en ni túlie/karnet “if he had asked me (he did not), I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121
• ᴹQ. á kela karit “do not make it!” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. á kela naikea “don’t be cruel” ✧ PE22/126
• ᴹQ. á lá “don’t do it” ✧ PE22/106
• ᴹQ. (á) láte “don’t do it!” ✧ PE22/126
• ᴹQ. á le·láte “{now} don’t you do it!” ✧ PE22/106
• ᴹQ. auve e·kestanen (ela!) “would he have asked me!” ✧ PE22/121
• ᴹQ. helalthi menne kare/helar menne karilthi “they did not mean to make them” ✧ PE22/127; PE22/127
• ᴹQ. helávate mate “they will not eat it” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. leláne tule “you did not come” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. melalti kára/melar káralti “we are not making them” ✧ PE22/127; PE22/127
• ᴹQ. me·láner fasta sa yára Túro “we were not pleased [that old Túro...]” ✧ PE22/119
• ᴹQ. me·le·lávanelti kare “we were not going to make them for you” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. nila karit “I do not make it” ✧ PE22/127
• ᴹQ. tyavie la tyazie “(proverb) tasting is not necessarily liking” ✧ PE22/119

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√LĀ > lá	[lā-]	✧ PE22/126

Variations

• la ✧ PE22/121; PE22/126; PE22/127
• lá ✧ PE22/126

lai

adverb. very

Cognates

• N. dae “very” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

Derivations

• ᴹ√DAƷ “great” ✧ EtyAC/DAƷ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√DAƷ > lai	[dai] > [lai]	✧ EtyAC/DAƷ