tyuku

root. chew

The root ᴱ√TYUKU appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the gloss “chew” and derivatives like ᴱQ. tyuku- “to chew” and ᴱQ. tyus (tyuks-) “cud” (QL/50). I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√TYUK to salvage these early words.

kiwka

noun. cud

tiw̯i

root. thick

tyuku-

verb. to chew

A verb appearing as ᴱQ. tyuku- “to chew” with variant tyukta- in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√TYUKU of the same meaning (QL/50).

Neo-Quenya: I’d retain this verb as ᴺQ. tyuc- “chew” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, derived from the Neo-Root ᴺ√TYUK.

tyúka

noun. cud

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. tyus (tyuks-) “cud” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√TYUKU “chew” (QL/50). It became ᴱQ. tyúka “cud” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s as a cognate of ᴱN. cig from primitive ᴱ✶kiwka (PE13/140).

Neo-Quenya: The form tyúka veers too close to later ᴹQ. tiuko “thigh” (Ety/TIW), so I’d instead restore the 1910s form as ᴺQ. tyuxë [tyukse] “cud” derived from the Neo-Root ᴺ√TYUK.

tyukta-

verb. to chew

tyúka

adjective. thick

tyus

noun. cud

cig

noun. cud

A noun appearing as ᴱN. cig “cud” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s derived from primitive ᴱ✶kiwka and with cognate ᴱQ. tyúka (PE13/140).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Quenya I use ᴺQ. tyuxë [tyukse] “cud” based on earlier ᴱQ. tyus (tyuks-) “cud” from Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/50) to avoid conflict with later ᴹQ. tiuko “thigh” (Ety/TIW). Therefore I’d use ᴺS. toch “cud” as its equivalent for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

mal-

verb. to chew

A verb appearing as G. mal- “to chew” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/56), perhaps based on the early root ᴱ√MALA “crush” (QL/58).

Neo-Sindarin: The root became ᴹ√MBAL in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/MBAL), whose Sindarin derivatives would start with bal- conflicting with later forms like S. bal- “✱to have [divine] power” (PE17/131). For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would use ᴺS. nadh- “to chew, gnaw” from ᴹ√NYAD “gnaw” (Ety/NYAD).