Túna

hill, mound

Túna (also Tún) place-name, used of the hill on which Tirion was built (Silm, TUN, KOR), derived from a stem (TUN) apparently meaning simply *"hill, mound".

tundo

hill, mound

tundo noun "hill, mound" (TUN)

amun

hill

amun (amund-) noun "hill" (LT2:335; in Tolkien's later Quenya ambo)

umbo

hill, lump, clump, mass

umbo, umbon noun "hill, lump, clump, mass" (PE17:93)

ambona

noun. hill

ambo

hill, rising ground

ambo noun "hill, rising ground" (Markirya, PE17:92), "mount" (PE17:157), allative pl. ambonnar "upon hills" in Markirya (ruxal' ambonnar "upon crumbling hills") According to VT45:5, ambo was added to the Etymologies as a marginal note.

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

amon

hill

pl1. emyn n. hill, lump, clump, mass, often applied to (esp. isolated) mountains. Q. umbo(n). FAmon Amarth

dôl

hill

(i** dhôl, construct **dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i** nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i** nôl, pl. i** ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n** if the former derivation had been maintained).

tund

hill

(i** dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i** thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

amon

hill

1) amon (pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount), 2) dôl (i dhôl, construct dol) (head), pl. dŷl (i nŷl). Note: In the Etymologies, this word was derived from a root with initial nd- (NDOL), which would make the mutations different (i nôl, pl. i ndŷl). However, the later name Fanuidhol "Cloudyhead" apparently indicates that the lenited form of this d was later to be dh (whereas it would be n if the former derivation had been maintained). 3) tund (i dund, o thund, construct tun) (mound), pl. tynd (i thynd), coll. pl. tunnath.

amon

hill

(pl. emyn) (steep-sided mount)

cîl

pass between hills

(i gîl, o chîl) (cleft, gorge), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîl), coll. pl. cíliath. . A homophone means ”renewal”.

ambō

noun. hill

Derivations

• √AM “go up, go up, [ᴹ√] up”

Derivatives

• Q. ambo “hill, rising ground, mount” ✧ PE17/092

tunn

noun. hill, mound

tunn

noun. hill, mound

N. tunn “hill, mound” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√TUN (Ety/TUN). Tolkien’s continued use of Q. Túna for the name of a hill in Valinor implies the ongoing validity of its root, so perhaps this word remained valid as well.

Conceptual Development: The word ᴱN. tûn “mound, bare hill” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/154). G. tûn also appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, but there it was unglossed and had no obvious cognates, so it is not clear what Tolkien intended it to mean (GL/72).

Neo-Sindarin: In keeping with the rule whereby nd was retained “at the end of fully accented monosyllables” (LotR/1115), I’d represent this form as ᴺS. tund in Neo-Sindarin.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. tundo “hill, mound, hill, mound [isolated]” ✧ Ety/TUN

Derivations

• ᴹ√TUN “*tall; mound” ✧ Ety/MINI
• ᴹ✶tundu “hill, mound” ✧ Ety/TUN
  • ᴹ√TUN “*tall; mound” ✧ Ety/TUN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶tundu > tund > tunn	[tundu] > [tundo] > [tundo] > [tund] > [tunn]	✧ Ety/TUN

tund

noun. hill, mound

mindon

noun. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower

mindon

noun. tower

amon

noun. hill, steep-sided mount

amon

noun. hill

Cognates

• ᴹQ. ambo “hill” ✧ Ety/AM²

Derivations

• ᴹ√AM “up” ✧ Ety/AM²

Element in

• N. Amon Thorn
• N. Amon Ereb “Lonely Hill”
• N. Amon Gwareth “Hill of Watch”
• N. Amon Hen
• N. Amon Lhaw
• N. Amon Uilos
• N. Emyn Arnen
• N. Haramon
• N. Emyn Rhain “Border Hills” ✧ TI/313
• N. Amon Dengin “Hill of Slain”
• N. Methen Amon

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√AM² > amon	[ambon] > [ambon] > [ammon] > [amon]	✧ Ety/AM²
ᴹ√AM² > emuin > emyn	[amboni] > [ambuni] > [embyni] > [embyn] > [embyn] > [emmyn] > [emyn]	✧ Ety/AM²