thosta-

put to fright, terrify

†thosta- (þosta-) vb. "put to fright, terrify"; this is Old Quenya (PE17:87 there spelt with the letter þ, not the digraph th)

þosta-

verb. to put to fright, terrify

Derivations

• √THOS “frighten, terrify; show dread of” ✧ PE17/087

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ÞOS > þosta-	[tʰosta-] > [θosta-] > [sosta-]	✧ PE17/087

holwë

noun. stink

holwë noun "stink" (or *"stench"), *holwëa adj. "stinking". PE13:162 gives holwë "stink", derived from 3olwē; PM13:145 however gives the Q word as olwë and the adj. "stinking" as olwëa, though primitive forms with initial ʒ- (the spirant gh) are presupposed also there. Tolkien later used a system where primitive words in ʒ- yield Quenya forms in h-, as demonstrated by relevant entries in the Etymologies, so we prefer holwë to olwë (which would also clash with the later personal name Olwë, unlikely to mean "stink"), and we similarly read *holwëa rather than olwëa as the adj. "stinking". In Etym, the root ÑOL seems to represent a later experiment with similar words having to do with smell, and once again we observe shifting conceptions as to whether the Quenya words should show initial h- or not; in this conception the initial consonant in Primitive Elvish was ñ- rather than ʒ-.

sosta-

verb. to put to fright, terrify

Derivations

• √THOS “frighten, terrify; show dread of”

susta-

verb. to stink

Cognates

• N. thosta- “to stink, to stink, *give off a smell”

Derivations

• √THUS “evil mist, fog, darkness; blow, cause an air movement, blow, cause an air movement; [ᴹ√] *smell, stench; [√] evil mist, fog, darkness”
  • √THŪ “blow, cause an air movement, blow, cause an air movement, [ᴹ√] puff”

thosta

stink

(vb.) thosta- (VT46:19)

thosta

stink

(VT46:19)

thow

root. stink

Derivatives

• √THAW “cruel; stink” ✧ PE17/068
  • ✶thaurā “detestable, abominable, horrible” ✧ Let/380
  • S. thaur “abominable, horrible” ✧ SA/thaur
  • Q. saura “cruel, evil, vile; stinking, foul; bad, unhealthy, ill, wretched, stinking, foul, [ᴹQ.] evil-smelling, putrid; [Q.] cruel, evil, vile; [Q.] bad, unhealthy, ill, wretched” ✧ PE17/068; PE17/184
  • ᴺQ. sávë “stench, stink, reek, foul odor”
• ✶thowō
  • S. Thû “Sauron; Manwë?” ✧ PE17/099
• Q. Sauron “Abhorred” ✧ PE17/068
• S. Thû “Sauron; Manwë?” ✧ PE17/068

Variations

• ÞOWO ✧ PE17/068

thosta-

verb. to stink

thosta-

verb. to stink, to stink, *give off a smell

Cognates

• ᴺQ. susta- “to stink”

Derivations

• ᴹ√THUS “*smell, stench” ✧ Ety/THUS

Element in

• ᴺS. thostol “stinking”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√THUS > thosto	[tʰusta-] > [θusta-] > [θosta-]	✧ Ety/THUS