Primitive elvish

phin

root. clever, skillful; neat, fine, delicate; skill, dexterity, clever, skillful; neat, fine, delicate; skill, dexterity, [ᴹ√] nimbleness

This root has a long history in Tolkien’s Elvish languages, always having to do with clever and skillful things in association with the name Q. Finwë. It first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√FINI in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. finie “cunning” and ᴱQ. finwa “acute, sagacious” (QL/38). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. fim “clever; right hand”, G. fimlios “skillfulness”, and G. finthi “idea, notion” (GL/35). It reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “nimbleness, skill” and derivatives like ON. phinde “skill” and ON. phinya “skillful” (Ety/PHIN).

The root appeared a number of times in Tolkien’s later writings, as √PHIN- “skilful, neat, clever (especially applied to hands and fingers)” (PE17/17), √PHĪ/PHINI “skill, dexterity” (PE17/119), and √PHĬN “clever, fine, delicate” (PE17/119). In both The Etymologies and in later writings Tolkien made a point that this root was distinct from √SPIN from which various “hair” words were derived (Ety/PHIN; PE17/17), though in one place Tolkien gave that root also as √PHIN- (PM/340).

Primitive elvish [PE17/017; PE17/119; PE17/151; PE17/181] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phin

root. hair

spin(id)

root. fine thread, filament; hair

Tolkien had Elvish “hair” words that began with fin- for most of his life, but the details of their derivation evolved. The earliest form of this root was unglossed ᴱ√FIÐI [FIÐI] in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. findl “lock of hair” and ᴱQ. firin “ray of sun” (QL/38). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. fiðra “collective hair” and {findel >>} G. finn “a lock of hair” (GL/35), the latter an element in the name G. Glorfindel “Golden Hair”, a name that retained this form and meaning for all of Tolkien’s life.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had unglossed ᴹ√SPIN with derivatives like ᴹQ. finde “tress, braid of hair” and N. finnel “(braided) hair” (Ety/SPIN). He made a point that this root was distinct from ᴹ√PHIN “nimbleness, skill” (Ety/PHIN), a distinction he reemphasized in later writings as well (PE17/17, 119). The additional form ᴹQ. fine “larch” (a species of tree with needle-like leaves) indicates the 1930s root was not limited exclusively to “hair” (Ety/SPIN). The root √SPIN appeared a number of times in Tolkien’s later writings, variously glossed “single hair, filament” >> “fine thread, filament” (PE17/17), “lock, tress of human/elvish hair” as extended √SPIN-ID (PE17/119), or “single hair” (PE17/185). However, in The Shibboleth of Feanor from 1968 Tolkien gave the root as √PHIN “hair” (PM/340).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would ignore this 1968 change of √SPIN >> √PHIN. Furthermore, I would assume √SPIN referred to a single hair or other kind of filament, and extended √SPINID referred to a tress of hair.

Primitive elvish [PE17/017; PE17/119; PE17/185; PM/340] Group: Eldamo. Published by

spindilā

noun. head of hair

Primitive elvish [PE17/017; PE17/119; PE17/151] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Quenya 

phin-

single hair, filament

phin- noun "a single hair, filament" (PE17:17); this is may be seen as an "element" rather than a regular word; the spelling ph rather than f is unusual for Quenya. See fine.

finë

noun. (single) hair, filament

A word for “a hair” appearing in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 (PM/340). In notes from around 1965 Tolkien also had fine (fini-) for “a hair” (PE17/17). In the 1965 notes derived Tolkien derived it from the root √SPIN, but in the 1968 notes from √PHIN. On a torn half-sheet from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien had Q. phin- derived from the root √SPIN “a single hair, filament”, though the ph indicates it was probably an archaic form (PE17/17). See the entry for findë for more suggestions on the application (Neo) Quenya hair words.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had ᴱQ. filma “fine hair, line” under the early root ᴱ√FILI “fine, thin” (QL/38), as well as ᴱQ. {tilme >>} til (tiln-) “a hair” under the early root ᴱ√TILI, with a variant form tila (QL/92). A similar word tile “a single hair” (pl. tili) appeared in a list of body parts from the 1920s (PE14/117).

Quenya [PE17/017; PM/340] Group: Eldamo. Published by

finë

hair

finë (1) (stem *fini-, given the primitive form ¤phini) noun "a hair" _(PM:340, PE17:17) or "larch" (SPIN)_

finya

adjective. clever

Ipsin

fine thread

Ipsin noun "fine thread" (PE17:17)

finca

clever

finca adj. "clever" (in petty ways) (PE17:119). A distinct form finca is also mentioned as the cognate of Sindarin fineg, but neither form is clearly glossed. The word-group under consideration has to do with hair(PE17:17).

findessë

head of hair, a person's hair as a whole

findessë noun "a head of hair, a person's hair as a whole" (PM:345). Compare findilë.

findilë

head of hair

findilë noun "a head of hair". Compare findessë. (PE17:17)

findilë

noun. head of hair

findë

hair

findë (1) noun "hair" (especially of the head) (PM:340), "a tress or plait of hair" (PM:345), "tress, braid of hair, lock of hair" (SPIN)

ipsin

noun. fine thread

A word for “fine thread” derived from the root √SPIN- in notes from the mid-1960s (PE17/17).

lia

fine thread, spider filament

lia noun "fine thread, spider filament" (SLIG).

loxë

hair

loxë (1) ("ks")noun "hair" (LOK). In later sources Tolkien uses findë, findessë, findilë for "hair", leaving the conceptual status of loxë uncertain.

Sindarin 

fîn

noun. (single) hair, filament

A noun for a single hair appearing in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 derived from primitive ✶phini- (PM/362 note #37). The form fin- also appeared in a torn-half sheet as a derivative of √SPIN- “a single hair, filament” (PE17/17).

Conceptual Development: Earlier words for a single hair include G. fith, pl. fidhin from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/35) and ᴱN. fîr from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/143).

Sindarin [PE17/017; PM/362; SA/fin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fîn

hair

1) (a single hair) fîn (construct fin), no distinct pl. form. (PM:362), 2) (lock of hair, tress) find (construct fin), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. finnath.

lhê

fine thread

*lhê (?i thlê or ?i lê the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (spider filament), pl. lhî (?i lî). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlê.

lhê

fine thread

*lhê (?i thlê or ?i lê the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (spider filament), pl. lhî (?i lî). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlê. -THREAD, see MIST.

maen

clever

maen (lenited vaen; no distinct pl. form) (skilled) (noun):

find

noun. single hair

n. single hair (of man or elf). >> finn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:17] < *_spindē_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

finn

noun. single hair

n. single hair (of man or elf). >> find

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:17] < *_spindē_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

laws

noun. hair ringlet

Sindarin [Ety/370, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fast

shaggy hair

(pl. faist if there is a pl.).

find

hair

(construct fin), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. finnath.

fîn

hair

(construct fin), no distinct pl. form. (PM:362)

maen

clever

(lenited vaen; no distinct pl. form) (skilled)

Noldorin 

fast

noun. shaggy hair

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

findel

noun. (braided) hair

Noldorin [Ety/387, X/ND2] Group: SINDICT. Published by

finnel

noun. (braided) hair

Noldorin [Ety/387, X/ND2] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhaws

noun. hair ringlet

Noldorin [Ety/370, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

phin

root. nimbleness, skill

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/IS; Ety/KUR; Ety/MBAR; Ety/PHIN; Ety/RAUTĀ; Ety/WEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

fith

noun. single hair

Gnomish [GL/35; LT2A/Glorfindel] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

find

noun. hair

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

finn

noun. hair

fîr

noun. a hair

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

isqalea

adjective. clever

Early Quenya [QL/043] Group: Eldamo. Published by

til

noun. (single) hair

Early Quenya [PE14/117; QL/092; QL/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tila

noun. (single) hair

tile

noun. single hair

Qenya 

lokse

noun. hair, hair [in general]

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “hair” derived from the root ᴹ√LOKH (Ety/LOKH).

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱQ. laksa “tress” appeared in a list of body parts from the 1920s (PE14/117).

Valarin 

(a)šata

noun. head of hair