Primitive elvish

phin

root. clever, skillful; neat, fine, delicate; skill, dexterity, clever, skillful; neat, fine, delicate; skill, dexterity, [ᴹ√] nimbleness

This root has a long history in Tolkien’s Elvish languages, always having to do with clever and skillful things in association with the name Q. Finwë. It first appeared as unglossed ᴱ√FINI in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. finie “cunning” and ᴱQ. finwa “acute, sagacious” (QL/38). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. fim “clever; right hand”, G. fimlios “skillfulness”, and G. finthi “idea, notion” (GL/35). It reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with the gloss “nimbleness, skill” and derivatives like ON. phinde “skill” and ON. phinya “skillful” (Ety/PHIN).

The root appeared a number of times in Tolkien’s later writings, as √PHIN- “skilful, neat, clever (especially applied to hands and fingers)” (PE17/17), √PHĪ/PHINI “skill, dexterity” (PE17/119), and √PHĬN “clever, fine, delicate” (PE17/119). In both The Etymologies and in later writings Tolkien made a point that this root was distinct from √SPIN from which various “hair” words were derived (Ety/PHIN; PE17/17), though in one place Tolkien gave that root also as √PHIN- (PM/340).

Primitive elvish [PE17/017; PE17/119; PE17/151; PE17/181] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phin

root. hair

phinik

noun. phinik

Primitive elvish [PE17/017] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phindē

noun. tress

Primitive elvish [PM/362] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phini-

noun. a single hair

Primitive elvish [PM/362] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phiniñgornā

masculine name. Fingon

Primitive elvish [PE17/113] Group: Eldamo. Published by

spin(id)

root. fine thread, filament; hair

Tolkien had Elvish “hair” words that began with fin- for most of his life, but the details of their derivation evolved. The earliest form of this root was unglossed ᴱ√FIÐI [FIÐI] in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. findl “lock of hair” and ᴱQ. firin “ray of sun” (QL/38). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. fiðra “collective hair” and {findel >>} G. finn “a lock of hair” (GL/35), the latter an element in the name G. Glorfindel “Golden Hair”, a name that retained this form and meaning for all of Tolkien’s life.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien had unglossed ᴹ√SPIN with derivatives like ᴹQ. finde “tress, braid of hair” and N. finnel “(braided) hair” (Ety/SPIN). He made a point that this root was distinct from ᴹ√PHIN “nimbleness, skill” (Ety/PHIN), a distinction he reemphasized in later writings as well (PE17/17, 119). The additional form ᴹQ. fine “larch” (a species of tree with needle-like leaves) indicates the 1930s root was not limited exclusively to “hair” (Ety/SPIN). The root √SPIN appeared a number of times in Tolkien’s later writings, variously glossed “single hair, filament” >> “fine thread, filament” (PE17/17), “lock, tress of human/elvish hair” as extended √SPIN-ID (PE17/119), or “single hair” (PE17/185). However, in The Shibboleth of Feanor from 1968 Tolkien gave the root as √PHIN “hair” (PM/340).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would ignore this 1968 change of √SPIN >> √PHIN. Furthermore, I would assume √SPIN referred to a single hair or other kind of filament, and extended √SPINID referred to a tress of hair.

Primitive elvish [PE17/017; PE17/119; PE17/185; PM/340] Group: Eldamo. Published by

spindilā

noun. head of hair

Primitive elvish [PE17/017; PE17/119; PE17/151] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Quenya 

phin-

single hair, filament

phin- noun "a single hair, filament" (PE17:17); this is may be seen as an "element" rather than a regular word; the spelling ph rather than f is unusual for Quenya. See fine.

phindelë

mass of long hair

phindelë noun "mass of long hair" (PE17:17; the normal Quenya spelling should be findelë, cf. findilë

finë

noun. (single) hair, filament

A word for “a hair” appearing in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 (PM/340). In notes from around 1965 Tolkien also had fine (fini-) for “a hair” (PE17/17). In the 1965 notes derived Tolkien derived it from the root √SPIN, but in the 1968 notes from √PHIN. On a torn half-sheet from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien had Q. phin- derived from the root √SPIN “a single hair, filament”, though the ph indicates it was probably an archaic form (PE17/17). See the entry for findë for more suggestions on the application (Neo) Quenya hair words.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had ᴱQ. filma “fine hair, line” under the early root ᴱ√FILI “fine, thin” (QL/38), as well as ᴱQ. {tilme >>} til (tiln-) “a hair” under the early root ᴱ√TILI, with a variant form tila (QL/92). A similar word tile “a single hair” (pl. tili) appeared in a list of body parts from the 1920s (PE14/117).

Quenya [PE17/017; PM/340] Group: Eldamo. Published by

finë

hair

finë (1) (stem *fini-, given the primitive form ¤phini) noun "a hair" _(PM:340, PE17:17) or "larch" (SPIN)_

finya

adjective. clever

findelë

noun. tress, lock [of hair]

A word for “a head of hair, a person’s hair as a whole” appearing in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 (PM/345). In notes from 1965 Tolkien instead gave Q. findilë (with an i) for “head of hair” (PE17/17).

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had ᴱQ. findl “lock of hair” under the early root ᴱ√FIŘI [FIÐI] (QL/38). In the contemporaneous Name-list to the Fall of Gondolin he had ᴱQ. findil “lock” (PE15/24).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use findelë for a lock or tress of hair, and 1968 findessë for a full head of hair (PM/345); see the entry for findë for more suggestions on the application (Neo) Quenya hair words.

Quenya [PE17/017; PE17/119] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ipsin

fine thread

Ipsin noun "fine thread" (PE17:17)

arimaitë

skillful

arimaitë adj. "skillful" (PE17:162)

curu

skill

curu noun "skill" in names like Curufinwë (q.v.) and Sindarin Curufin, Curunir. (SA; possibly the same as curo, curu- above but there was a word curu ["k"] in Tolkien's early "Qenya", glossed "magic, wizardry" [LT1:269]).

curu

noun. skill, skill; [ᴱQ.] magic, wizardry

In Tolkien’s later writing, this word mostly functions as a reduced form of Q. curwë “skill” used as an element in some Quenya names such as Q. Curufinwë and Q. Curumo.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s ᴱQ. kuru was glossed “magic, wizardry”, and Tolkien further specified that it was used “of the good magic” (QL/49; PME/49). See S. curu for a discussion of the applicability of this word to “magic”.

Quenya [SA/curu; SI/Fëanor] Group: Eldamo. Published by

finca

clever

finca adj. "clever" (in petty ways) (PE17:119). A distinct form finca is also mentioned as the cognate of Sindarin fineg, but neither form is clearly glossed. The word-group under consideration has to do with hair(PE17:17).

findelë

tress, lock

findelë noun "tress, lock" (PE17:119); apparently a synonym of findë #1, q.v.

findessë

head of hair, a person's hair as a whole

findessë noun "a head of hair, a person's hair as a whole" (PM:345). Compare findilë.

findilë

head of hair

findilë noun "a head of hair". Compare findessë. (PE17:17)

findilë

noun. head of hair

findë

hair

findë (1) noun "hair" (especially of the head) (PM:340), "a tress or plait of hair" (PM:345), "tress, braid of hair, lock of hair" (SPIN)

ipsin

noun. fine thread

A word for “fine thread” derived from the root √SPIN- in notes from the mid-1960s (PE17/17).

lia

fine thread, spider filament

lia noun "fine thread, spider filament" (SLIG).

loxë

hair

loxë (1) ("ks")noun "hair" (LOK). In later sources Tolkien uses findë, findessë, findilë for "hair", leaving the conceptual status of loxë uncertain.

nyarna

tale, saga

nyarna noun "tale, saga" (NAR2), compounded in nyarmamaitar noun "storyteller" (PE17:163), literally *"tale-artist" (see maitar).

nyárë

tale, saga, history

nyárë noun "tale, saga, history". Compounded in Eldanyárë "History of the Elves", lumenyárë "history, chronological account" (NAR2, LR:199). Compare nyarië, nyarna.

quenta

tale

quenta ("q")noun "tale" (KWET), "narrative, story" (VT39:16); Quenta Silmarillion "the Story/Tale of the Silmarils", also Quenta Eldalien "History of the Elves" (SD:303), notice "Qenya" genitive in -n in the latter title. Quenta is also translated "account", as in Valaquenta "Account of the Valar".

Noldorin 

fingolphin aran chithlum

Fingolphin aran Chithlum

Noldorin [PE22/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fingon

masculine name. Fingon

Noldorin [Ety/KAN; Ety/PHIN; LB/080; LB/219; LB/292; LBI/Fingon; LRI/Fingon; SM/089; SMI/Fingon; SMI/Finweg; WRI/Fingon] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fast

noun. shaggy hair

Noldorin [Ety/381] Group: SINDICT. Published by

findel

noun. (braided) hair

Noldorin [Ety/387, X/ND2] Group: SINDICT. Published by

finnel

noun. (braided) hair

Noldorin [Ety/387, X/ND2] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwanod

noun. tale, number

Noldorin [Ety/378] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhaws

noun. hair ringlet

Noldorin [Ety/370, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

narn

noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung

Noldorin [Ety/374, WJ/313, MR/373, S/412] OS *narna, CE *nʲarnâ "told". Group: SINDICT. Published by

pent

noun. tale

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Sindarin 

fîn

noun. (single) hair, filament

A noun for a single hair appearing in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 derived from primitive ✶phini- (PM/362 note #37). The form fin- also appeared in a torn-half sheet as a derivative of √SPIN- “a single hair, filament” (PE17/17).

Conceptual Development: Earlier words for a single hair include G. fith, pl. fidhin from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/35) and ᴱN. fîr from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/143).

Sindarin [PE17/017; PM/362; SA/fin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

narn

tale

1) narn (saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. nern**; 2) pent (i bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i threnern); 4) gwanod (i **wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd).

narn

tale

(saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. *nern***; 2) pent (i** bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i** phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i** drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i** threnern); 4) gwanod (i ’wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**).

curu

skill

curu (i guru, o churu) (cunning, cunning device, craft), pl. cyry (i chyry). Archaic *curw, hence the coll. pl. is likely curwath. (VT45:24)

find

tress

find (lock of hair). Construct fin; no distinct pl. form; coll pl. finnath.

fîn

hair

1) (a single hair) fîn (construct fin), no distinct pl. form. (PM:362), 2) (lock of hair, tress) find (construct fin), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. finnath.

lhê

fine thread

*lhê (?i thlê or ?i lê the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (spider filament), pl. lhî (?i lî). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlê.

lhê

fine thread

*lhê (?i thlê or ?i lê the lenition product of lh is uncertain) (spider filament), pl. lhî (?i lî). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” thlê. -THREAD, see MIST.

maen

clever

maen (lenited vaen; no distinct pl. form) (skilled) (noun):

find

noun. a tress

Sindarin [PM/361-362] Group: SINDICT. Published by

find

noun. single hair

n. single hair (of man or elf). >> finn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:17] < *_spindē_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

finn

noun. single hair

n. single hair (of man or elf). >> find

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:17] < *_spindē_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

finn-

noun. a tress

Sindarin [PM/361-362] Group: SINDICT. Published by

finnel

noun. mass of long hair

n. mass of long hair. >> find, finn

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:17] < O.S. _findel _ < *_spin-delē _mass of hairs, head of hair < SPIN a single hair, filament + DEL thick, dense. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

fîn

noun. a tress

Sindarin [PM/361-362] Group: SINDICT. Published by

glaer

noun. tale, [N.] long lay, narrative poem, [S.] tale, song

Sindarin [S/209; WJ/160] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laws

noun. hair ringlet

Sindarin [Ety/370, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

narn

noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung

Sindarin [Ety/374, WJ/313, MR/373, S/412] OS *narna, CE *nʲarnâ "told". Group: SINDICT. Published by

narn

noun. tale, tale, [N.] saga

Sindarin [MR/373; MR/471; S/198; SI/Narn i Hîn Húrin; UT/057; UT/146; WJ/313] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ravaed

adjective. skillful

curu

skill

(i guru, o churu) (cunning, cunning device, craft), pl. cyry (i chyry). Archaic ✱curw, hence the coll. pl. is likely curwath. (VT45:24)

fast

shaggy hair

(pl. faist if there is a pl.).

find

hair

(construct fin), no distinct pl. form, coll. pl. finnath.

find

tress

(lock of hair). Construct fin; no distinct pl. form; coll pl. finnath.

fîn

hair

(construct fin), no distinct pl. form. (PM:362)

maen

clever

(lenited vaen; no distinct pl. form) (skilled)


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

phin

root. nimbleness, skill

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/IS; Ety/KUR; Ety/MBAR; Ety/PHIN; Ety/RAUTĀ; Ety/WEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phind-ambar

masculine name. Phind-ambar

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/PHIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phinde-rauto

masculine name. Phinde-rauto

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/PHIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phindekāno

masculine name. Phindekāno

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/PHIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kwentā

noun. tale

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KWET] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

phinwe

masculine name. Phinwe

Old Noldorin [Ety/PHIN; EtyAC/WEG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phinde

noun. skill

Old Noldorin [Ety/PHIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

phinya

adjective. skillful

Old Noldorin [Ety/PHIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

fimli

noun. skill

A word appearing as {finweth >>} finwi, fimli “skill” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, apparently a noun form of G. fim “clever, right hand” (GL/35).

Gnomish [GL/28; GL/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

findel

noun. tress

Gnomish [GL/26; GL/35; LT2A/Glorfindel; PE15/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fingl

noun. tress

Gnomish [GL/35; GL/48; LT2A/Glorfindel] Group: Eldamo. Published by

finnil

noun. tress

finwi

noun. skill

fith

noun. single hair

Gnomish [GL/35; LT2A/Glorfindel] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

find

noun. hair

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

finn

noun. hair

fîr

noun. a hair

Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

findil

noun. tress

isqalea

adjective. clever

Early Quenya [QL/043] Group: Eldamo. Published by

laksa

noun. tress

Early Quenya [PE14/117] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nyara

noun. tale

Early Quenya [QL/068] Group: Eldamo. Published by

til

noun. (single) hair

Early Quenya [PE14/117; QL/092; QL/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tila

noun. (single) hair

tile

noun. single hair

Qenya 

lokse

noun. hair, hair [in general]

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “hair” derived from the root ᴹ√LOKH (Ety/LOKH).

Conceptual Development: A similar word ᴱQ. laksa “tress” appeared in a list of body parts from the 1920s (PE14/117).

Valarin 

(a)šata

noun. head of hair