lango

passage

lango (2) noun "passage", especially across or over an obstacle, also "neck" (PE17:92)

assa

hole, perforation, opening, mouth

assa "hole, perforation, opening, mouth" (GAS)

tarna

crossing, passage

tarna noun "crossing, passage" (LT2:347)

latta

hole, pit

latta (1) noun "hole, pit" (DAT/DANT, VT45:8)

mentië

passage, journey, direction of travel

mentië noun "passage, journey, direction of travel" (PE17:13); the elements are men- "go, proceed" + tië "path, road". Not to be confused with the gerund of menta- #1.

mentië

noun. passage, journey, direction of travel

Element in

• Q. lomentie “?journey away”
• Q. omentië “meeting (of pathways), (lit.) coming together of journey-path, meeting or junction of the directions of two people” ✧ PE17/013

Elements

Word	Gloss
men	“way, way; [ᴹQ.] place, spot”
tië	“path, road, way, line, path, road, way, line, [ᴹQ.] course, direction, [ᴱQ.] route”

ecca

hole

ecca ("k")noun "hole", apparently associated with Sindarin torech "secret hole, lair" (PE17:188)

unquë

hole, hollow

unquë noun "hole, hollow" (VT46:20, UNUK), also name of tengwa #16 _(Appendix E; there spelt unque, while the Etymologies has unqe)_

lang

noun. a passage

n. a passage (physical). Originally applied to any route or connecting link between two places or large objects, esp. such as enable one to cross or surmount an obstacle: such as mountain-pass, a ridge of higher land across fen-land, an isthmus, etc. Later applied to narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts, esp. the 'neck' of men and animals. FAchad Tarlang

lang

noun. passage; neck, passage; neck, *throat

A word for “neck” appearing in notes written around 1967, most notably as an element in tarlang “stiff-neck” = “proud” (PE17/92). It was derived from primitive ✶langō (< √LAƷA “cross, pass over, go beyond”) which meant “a passage (physical), originally applied to any route or connecting link between two places or large objects, especially such as enabled one to cross or surmount an obstacle: such as a mountain-pass, a ridge of higher land across fen-land, an isthmus etc.” (PE17/91-92). This word was then “later applied to narrower parts of a structure serving to join larger parts, especially the ‘neck’ of men and animals”. The word lang had the gloss “neck” (both in geography as well as for men and animals) in Tolkien’s Nomenclature of the Lord of the Rings as well (RC/536).

Conceptual Development: There was a similar noun N. {lhang >>} lhanc in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√LAK “swallow” (Ety/LANK). This earlier word was likewise an element in N. tarlanc “stiff-necked, obstinate” (Ety/TÁRAG).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I think it is unlikely that N. lhanc (or ᴺS. ✱lanc) “throat” can coexist with S. lang “neck”. However, since S. lang originally referred to a “passage”, I think it can be interpreted as referring to the passage from the mouth to the stomach and lungs, and hence also used with the sense “✱throat”. For the actual interior mechanism of the throat, however, I’d recommend the neologism ᴺS. lhunc “pharynx, gullet” < ᴹ√SLUK “swallow”.

Cognates

• Q. lango “neck, neck, [ᴹQ.] throat” ✧ PE17/092

Derivations

• ✶langō “route or connection between to places; neck” ✧ PE17/092
  • √LAƷ “cross, pass over, go beyond” ✧ PE17/091

Element in

• ᴺS. langan(d) “stringed instrument with a neck (lute, guitar, etc.)”
• S. Tarlang “Stiff Neck; Stiff/Tough Passage” ✧ RC/536
• S. tarlang “proud, (lit.) stiff-necked; stiff neck (a nickname applied to men of haughty carriage or mood); the stiff/tough passage, proud, [N.] obstinate, [S.] (lit.) stiff-necked; stiff neck (a nickname applied to men of haughty carriage or mood); the stiff/tough passage” ✧ PE17/092; RC/536; RC/536

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶langō > lang	[laŋgō] > [laŋgo] > [laŋg] > [laŋ]	✧ PE17/092

athrad

noun. (river-)crossing, ford, way

gass

hole

(i ’ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais = i ñais)

athrad

crossing

1) athrad (ford), pl. ethraid**, 2) iach (ford), pl. iaich**

athrad

crossing

(ford), pl. ethraid, 2) iach (ford), pl. iaich

tess

fine pierced hole

(i dess, construct tes), pl. tiss (i thiss). Archaic ters *(VT46:18)*****

dath

hole

1) dath (i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8), 2) gass (i **ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais** = i ñais), 3)

dath

hole

(i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)

torech

hole

torech (i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.

torech

hole

(i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.

ekka

noun. hole

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. ecca “hole, *lair”

Element in

• S. torech “lair, (secret) hole, excavation” ✧ PE17/188

gas

noun. hole, gap

tess

noun. (fine pierced) hole

pendrad

noun. passage up or down slope, stairway

pendrath

noun. passage up or down slope, stairway

athrad

noun. (river-)crossing, ford, way

dath

noun. hole, pit, steep fall, abyss

ters

noun. (fine pierced) hole

torech

noun. hole, excavation, lair