miste

noun. drizzle

drizzle

mistë

noun. drizzle, drizzle, [ᴹQ.] fine rain

A word for “drizzle” (PE19/101) or “light rain” (Ety/MIZD) from primitive ✶mizdē, illustrating how ancient zd became st in Quenya.

Conceptual Development: The earliest precursor of this word was ᴱQ. mirde “mist” derived from primitive ᴱ✶mẓđē in the Early Qenya Phonology of the 1910s (PE12/14). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, this became ᴱQ. mie derived from primitive ✶míye as a cognate to ᴱN. midh “mist, drizzle” (PE13/150). In The Etymologies of the 1930s it was ᴹQ. miste “fine rain”, already with the derivation given above and with cognate N. mîdh “dew” (Ety/MIZD). The form miste reappeared in the Outline of Phonology from the early 1950s with the same derivation and Sindarin cognate S. míð but with gloss “drizzle” (PE19/101).

Derivations

• ✶mizdē “drizzle” ✧ PE19/101
  • √MIZDI “*fine rain, dew”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶mizdē > miste	[mizdē] > [mistē] > [miste]	✧ PE19/101

Variations

• miste ✧ PE19/101

tunta-

see, notice, perceive

tunta- "see, notice, perceive", pa.t. túne (QL:95)

a-

see

a- (2) a prefix occurring in the Markirya poem (Tolkien first used na-, then changed it). It may be prefixed to verbal stems following a noun that is the object of sense-verbs like "see" and "hear" when the verb it is prefixed to describes what happens to this noun, as in man cenuva lumbor ahosta[?] (changed from na-hosta), "who shall see the clouds gather?" (hosta = "gather").

rin

dew

rin noun "dew" (LT1:265; rather rossë in LotR-style Quenya)

véla

verb. see

véla (2) vb. "see" (Arct); present/continuative tense of a verbal stem #vel-? The context of the sentence where it occurs ("till I see you next") suggests that this is "see" in the sense of "meet".

>> yomenië

cen-

see, behold

cen- ("k")vb. "see, behold", future tense cenuva ("kenuva") "shall see" in Markirya. Imperative cena ("k"), VT47:31.Also #cen = noun "sight" as the final element of some nouns (*apacen, tercen, q.v.) Compare the root KHEN-, KEN-, KYEN- "look at, see, observe, direct gaze" (VT45:21)

cenya

verb. see, perceive

sartë

noun. note, jot, scribbling, (lit.) a little writing

@@@ by Röandil in the “Neologism of the Day” series on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2023-04-01 from pre-classical period with sar- meant “to write”; alternate later from tehtë, (tehti-) from √TEK

Cognates

• ᴺS. sarth “note, jot, scribbling”

Derivatives

• ᴺS. sarth “note, jot, scribbling”

Elements

Word	Gloss
sar-	“to mark (i.e. by incision), notch, score; (by later extension) †to write [on]”

tíra-

verb. to see

mîdh

noun. dew

dew

mîdh

noun. dew, dew, *moisture, damp(ness); [ᴱN.] mist, drizzle

A Sindarin word for “dew” given as míð in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s as a derivative of ✶mizdē “drizzle” (PE19/101), illustrating how [[os|[z] vanished before [d] lengthening preceding vowel]] in (Old) Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: N. mîdh “dew” also appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the same derivation as given above (Ety/MIZD), though Tolkien first wrote its gloss as “fine rain” (EtyAC/MIZD). This deleted gloss seems to be a remnant of ᴱN. midh “mist, drizzle” from Early Noldorin Word-lists, but there its primitive form was ᴱ✶míye (PE13/150).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would extend the meaning of this word to include “✱moisture, damp(ness)” in general, especially as the result of a previous rain.

Derivations

• ✶mizdē “drizzle” ✧ PE19/101
  • √MIZDI “*fine rain, dew”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶mizdē > míð	[mizdē] > [mizde] > [mīde] > [mīðe] > [mīð]	✧ PE19/101

Variations

• míð ✧ PE19/101

tírad

gerund noun. to see, for the seing

sarth

noun. note, jot, scribbling

A neologism coined by Paul Strack on 2023-04-17 as a loan word from ᴺQ. sartë of the same meaning. It replaces the neologism ᴺS. taith “note” (< ✱tekti) coined by Röandil in the “Neologism of the Day” series on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2023-04-07. This conflicts with attested word taith “sign, symbol, mark” (PE17/43), but Röandil felt that taith “note” could coexist with taith “mark, symbol” in the same way that English “letter” (of the alphabet) can coexist with “letter” (a missive). However, I’m generally uncomfortable with neologisms that collided with attested words and prefer sarth.

Cognates

• ᴺQ. sartë “note, jot, scribbling, (lit.) a little writing”

Derivations

• ᴺQ. sartë “note, jot, scribbling, (lit.) a little writing”

cen

verb. see

cen- (i gên, i chenir), also tíra- (i díra, i thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”. SEEING #cened (i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see mirror, SEEING STONE *gwachaedir (*i 'wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186)

cen

see

(i** gên, i** chenir), also tíra- (i** díra, i** thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”.

mîdh

dew

1) mîdh (i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh), 2) ross (construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

mîdh

dew

(i vîdh, construct midh), no distinct form in pl. except with article (i mîdh)

ross

dew

(construct ros) (foam, rain, spray [of fall or fountain]), pl. ryss (idh ryss). (Letters:282) Note: homophones mean ”reddish, russet, copper-coloured, red-haired” and also ”polished metal, glitter”.

cened

seeing

(i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.

taith

noun. note, jot, scribbling, (lit.) a little writing

Derivations

• √TEK “make a written mark, sign, write, make a written mark, sign, write, [ᴹ√] write or draw (signs or letters)”

gwachaedir

seeing stone

(i ’wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186) ****

ken

root. see, perceive, note, see, perceive, note, [ᴹ√] look at, observe, direct gaze

Tolkien first introduced this root in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a variant of ᴹ√KHEN “look at, see, observe, direct gaze” along with ᴹ√KYEN (EtyAC/KHEN). In The Etymologies it had no derivatives, but in the Quenya Verbal System it appeared with the gloss “see, perceive” as the basis for the verb ᴹQ. ken- of the same meaning (PE22/103). √KEN “see, perceive” appeared regularly in Tolkien’s writing thereafter (PE17/156, 187; PE22/155; VT41/5).

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. cecenna- “to visit”
• ᴺQ. cemma “picture, (lit.) something seen”
• Q. cen- “to see, behold, look, to see, behold, look, *perceive”
• Q. cenda- “to watch (intensively), observe (for some time); to read” ✧ PE17/156; VT41/05
• Q. cénima “visible, visible, [ᴹQ.] able to be seen” ✧ PE22/155
• Q. cenítë “seeing, *able to see” ✧ PE22/155
• Q. centa “enquiry, *essay”
• ᴺQ. cenya- “to study”
• S. cen- “to see, perceive, look”

Element in

• ᴺQ. ehten “outlook, sight, view, spectacle”

Variations

• ken ✧ VT41/05

mizdē

noun. drizzle

Derivations

• √MIZDI “*fine rain, dew”

Derivatives

• Q. mistë “drizzle, drizzle, [ᴹQ.] fine rain” ✧ PE19/101
• S. mîdh “dew, dew, *moisture, damp(ness); [ᴱN.] mist, drizzle” ✧ PE19/101

cen-

verb. to see

mîdh

noun. dew

mîdh

noun. dew

Changes

• mídh → mídh “fine rain” ✧ Ety/MIZD

Cognates

• ᴹQ. miste “fine rain” ✧ Ety/MIZD

Derivations

• ᴹ✶mizdē ✧ Ety/MIZD
  • ᴹ√MIZDI “*fine rain, dew” ✧ Ety/MIZD

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶mizdē > mídh	[mizdē] > [mizde] > [mīde] > [mīðe] > [mīð]	✧ Ety/MIZD

Variations

• mídh ✧ Ety/MIZD; EtyAC/MIZD (mídh)