Quenya 

#lav-

lick

#lav- (1) vb. "lick", pa.t. #lávë in undulávë, see undu (Nam); 1st person aorist lavin "I lick" in the Etymologies(LAB)

lav-

verb. lick

Quenya [PE 22:102] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

sulp-

lick

sulp- vb. "lick" (LT1:266; rather lav- in Tolkien's later Quenya)

salpa-

lick up, sup, sip

salpa- (1) vb. "lick up, sup, sip" (SÁLAP), "take a sup of" (LT1:266)

lapsa-

to lick

lapsa- vb. "to lick" (frequentative) (LAB)

lav-

verb. to lick

A verb for “to lick” based on the root √LAB of similar meaning (PE17/72; PE22/151-152; RGEO/59).

Conceptual Development: This verb dates all the way back to ᴱQ. lava- “lick” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where it was derived from the early root ᴱ√LAVA (QL/52). It retained this form in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/134), and in The Etymologies of the 1930s it appeared as ᴹQ. lavin “I lick” under the root ᴹ√LAB “lick” (Ety/LAB). The verb and root continued to appear regularly in Tolkien’s later writings.

Cognates

  • ᴺS. lav- “to lick”

Derivations

  • √LAB “lick, move the tongue” ✧ PE22/151
  • ✶lab- ✧ PE22/152; PE22/152
    • √LAB “lick, move the tongue” ✧ PE22/152

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
√LABA > lamne[labne] > [lamne]✧ PE22/151
✶labā́ > lava[labā] > [laβā] > [laβa] > [lava]✧ PE22/152
✶laƀuvā > lavuva[labuvā] > [laβuvā] > [laβuva] > [lavuva]✧ PE22/152
Quenya [PE17/072; PE22/151; PE22/152; RGEO/59] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

lav-

verb. to lick

Sindarin [Ety/367, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lav

lick

(i lâf, i levir)

lav

lick

lav- (i **lâf, i levir**)

lav-

verb. to lick

Cognates

  • Q. lav- “to lick”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

Noldorin 

lhaf-

verb. to lick

Noldorin [Ety/367, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhav-

verb. to lick

A noun appearing as N. lhâf “lick” (with Noldorin infinitive form lhebi) in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√LAB of the same meaning (Ety/LAB) where the initial initial l was unvoiced to lh as was the case in Noldorin of the 1930s.

Conceptual Development: This verb was G. lav- “lick” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/53), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√LAVA since the unvoicing of initial l was not a feature of Gnomish in the 1910s.

Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. lav- “to lick” since the unvoicing of initial l was also not a feature of Sindarin in the 1950s and 60s.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lav- “to lick” ✧ Ety/LAB

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LAB “lick” ✧ Ety/LAB

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LAB > lhefi[lab-] > [lav-] > [l̥av-]✧ Ety/LAB

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

lav-

verb. to lick

Cognates

  • N. lhav- “to lick” ✧ Ety/LAB

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LAB “lick” ✧ Ety/LAB; PE22/102

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LAB > lavin[labin] > [laβin] > [lavin]✧ Ety/LAB
ᴹ√LAB > lave[labi] > [labe] > [laβe] > [lave]✧ PE22/102
Qenya [Ety/LAB; PE22/102; PE22/104; PE22/105] Group: Eldamo. Published by

salpa-

verb. to lick up, sup, sip, to lick up, sup, sip, [ᴱQ.] take a sup of; to sample

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “lick up, sup, sip” derived from the root ᴹ√SALAP “lick up” (Ety/SÁLAP).

Conceptual Development: This verb appeared as ᴱQ. salpa- “take a sup of, sample, sip” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ (QL/84). I’d retain the sense “sample” as an alternate meaning for purposes of Neo-Quenya.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SALAP “lick up, *sip” ✧ Ety/SÁLAP

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√SÁLAP > salpa-[salpa-]✧ Ety/SÁLAP

sulpa-

verb. to lap up, drink greedily, to lap up, drink greedily; [ᴱQ.] to lick, sup, lick up, sup up; to sip, taste; to drink

A verb glossed “to lap up, drink greedily” in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) of the late 1940s as an example of a talat-stem verb (PE22/114-115), perhaps derived from a variant ✱ᴹ√SULUP of the root ᴹ√SALAP “lick up” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/SÁLAP).

Conceptual Development: This verb appeared as ᴱQ. sulp- “lick, sup, lick up, sup up” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SḶPḶ (QL/84). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s it was glossed “drink” (PE14/58) and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it was glossed “sips, tastes” (PE13/149).

Derivations

Qenya [PE22/114; PE22/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

salap

root. lick up, *sip

The first iteration of this root was unglossed ᴱ√SḶPḶ in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. salpa “bowl” and ᴱQ. sulp- “lick, sup, lick up, sup up” (QL/84). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. salf “bowl, basin” (GL/66), as well as G. thlib- “sup, lap up, suck” (GL/73). Later versions of these verb forms appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s as ᴱN. lhif “drinks” and ᴱQ. sulpe “sips, tastes” from primitive ᴱ✶slp- along with (unused) variant ᴱ✶slq- (PE13/148-9). The verb ᴱQ. sulpe “drinks” was also mentioned in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, again as a derivatives of sḷp- (PE14/58).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s, the root reappeared as ᴹ√SALAP “lick up” with derivatives ᴹQ. salpa- “lick up, sup, sip” and N. salff “broth” (Ety/SÁLAP; EtyAC/SÁLAP). But in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s Tolkien had the TALAT-stem verb ᴹQ. sulpa- “to lap up, drink greedily” (PE22/114), hinting at a root ✱ᴹ√SULUP. Assuming ᴹ√SALAP and ᴹ√SULUP coexisted, they must have been etymological variants, since the vowel variations that resulted from primitive syllabic ḷ were no longer a feature of Elvish.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I’d use √SALAP = “sip” and √SULUP = “lap”.

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. salpa “broth”
  • ᴹQ. salpa- “to lick up, sup, sip, to lick up, sup, sip, [ᴱQ.] take a sup of; to sample” ✧ Ety/SÁLAP
  • ᴺQ. salpë “sip, taste”
  • ᴺS. lhab “sip”
  • ᴺS. lhab- “to sup, *sip, suck, lap up”
  • On. salpha “liquid food, soup, broth” ✧ Ety/SÁLAP
    • N. salff “broth” ✧ Ety/SÁLAP

Variations

  • SÁLAP ✧ Ety/SÁLAP
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SÁLAP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lab

root. lick

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶labdā “licking up (food or drink), gluttonous eating” ✧ PE19/045
    • Ilk. laudh “licking up (food or drink), gluttonous eating” ✧ PE19/045
    • ᴹQ. lapsa “licking up (food or drink), gluttonous eating” ✧ PE19/045
    • N. laudh “licking up (food or drink), gluttonous eating” ✧ PE19/045
    • ᴹT. lauda “licking up (food or drink), gluttonous eating” ✧ PE19/045
  • ᴹ✶lambe ✧ Ety/ÑGAL
    • ᴹQ. lambe “language, tongue” ✧ PE21/09; PE21/09
    • N. lham(b) “tongue”
  • ᴹQ. lamba “tongue” ✧ Ety/LAB
  • ᴹQ. lambe “language, tongue” ✧ Ety/LAB; PE22/102
  • ᴹQ. lapsa- “to lick (frequentative)” ✧ Ety/LAB
  • ᴹQ. lav- “to lick” ✧ Ety/LAB; PE22/102
  • N. lham(b) “tongue” ✧ Ety/LAB
  • N. lhav- “to lick” ✧ Ety/LAB

Element in

  • N. Lhamthanc “Forked Tongue” ✧ Ety/STAK
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LAB; Ety/ÑGAL; Ety/STAK; PE19/045; PE22/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

lav-

verb. to lick

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LAVA “lick”

Early Primitive Elvish

sḷpḷ

root. *lick up

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶sḷp- “to drink”
    • Eq. sulp- “to lick, sup, lick up, sup up; to sip, taste; to drink” ✧ PE13/148; PE13/149; PE14/058
    • G. thlib- “to sup, lap up, suck”
    • En. lhif- “to drink” ✧ PE13/148; PE13/149
  • Eq. salpa- “to take a sup of, sample, sip” ✧ LT1A/Tanyasalpë; QL/084
  • Eq. sult “sip, taste” ✧ QL/084
  • Eq. sulpa “soup” ✧ LT1A/Tanyasalpë; QL/084
  • Eq. sulp- “to lick, sup, lick up, sup up; to sip, taste; to drink” ✧ LT1A/Tanyasalpë; QL/084
  • Eq. salpa “bowl” ✧ LT1A/Tanyasalpë; QL/084
  • G. salf “bowl, basin”
Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Tanyasalpë; QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lava

root. lick

Derivatives

  • Eq. lambe “tongue of body but also occasionally of land or even = speech” ✧ LT2A/Eglamar; QL/052
  • Eq. lava- “to lick” ✧ QL/052
  • Eq. lávear “glutton” ✧ QL/052
  • G. lam “tongue, speech” ✧ LT2A/Eglamar
  • G. lav- “to lick”
  • G. lavra- “to lap (of animals), suck up”
Early Primitive Elvish [LT2A/Eglamar; QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

lava-

verb. to lick

Cognates

  • G. lav- “to lick”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LAVA “lick” ✧ QL/052

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LAVA > lava-[laβ-] > [lav-]✧ QL/052
Early Quenya [PE16/134; QL/052] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sulp-

verb. to lick, sup, lick up, sup up; to sip, taste; to drink

Cognates

  • En. lhif- “to drink” ✧ PE13/148

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SḶPḶ “*lick up” ✧ LT1A/Tanyasalpë; QL/084
  • ᴱ✶sḷp- “to drink” ✧ PE13/148; PE13/149; PE14/058

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶slq- > sulpe[sḷp-] > [sulp-]✧ PE13/148
ᴱ✶sl:q- > salpe[sḹpe-] > [salpe-]✧ PE13/149
ᴱ✶sḷp > salpie[sḹpie] > [salpie]✧ PE14/058
ᴱ✶sḷp > sulpe[sḷp-] > [sulp-]✧ PE14/058
ᴱ√SḶPḶ > sulp-[sḷp-] > [sulp-]✧ QL/084
Early Quenya [LT1A/Tanyasalpë; PE13/149; PE14/058; QL/084] Group: Eldamo. Published by