Quenya 

corna

round, globed

corna ("k")adj. "round, globed" (KOR)

corima

round

corima _("k")_adj. "round" (LT1:257; rather corna in Tolkien's later Quenya)

ohta

noun. war

war, hostility

Quenya [PE 18:85n, 87] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ohta

war

ohta noun "war" (OKTA, KOT > KOTH). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, ohta was also the name of tengwa #15 (VT46:7), but Tolkien would later call this letter anca instead changing its value from ht to nc.

ohta

noun. war

Quenya [PE 22:161] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ohta

noun. war

Derivations

  • ✶oktā “war, hostility, strife” ✧ PE18/085
    • √KOT “hate; be wroth, quarrel, be wroth, quarrel, [ᴹ√]strive; [√] hate” ✧ PE18/085; PE18/087; PE18/087

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶ok(h)ta > ohta[okʰta] > [oktʰa] > [okta] > [oxta]✧ PE18/085
Quenya [PE18/085; PE22/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

corn

round

corn (circular, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle".

corn

round

(circular, globed), lenited gorn, pl. cyrn. The word is also used as a noun "circle".

basgorn

round bread

(loaf) (i masgorn), pl. besgyrn (i mbesgyrn).

dagra

make war

(do battle) (i nagra, i ndagrar), also dagrada- (i nagrada, i ndagradar)

auth

war

auth (battle), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".

auth

war

(battle), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".

dolt

round knob

(i dholt) (boss), pl. dylt

Adûnaic

azga Reconstructed

noun. war

A hypothetical noun for “war” appearing as an element in the verb azgarâ- “to wage war”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (VSH/24), though as others have suggested (AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/ZAG’R) it could equally well be azgar.

Element in

Primitive elvish

kor

root. round, round; [ᴱ√] be round, roll

This was the Elvish root for round things throughout Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as ᴱ√KORO “be round, roll” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, and had Early Qenya and Gnomish derivatives like ᴱQ. korima “round” and G. corm “ring, circle, disc” (GL/26). ᴹ√KOR “round” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives in both Quenya and Noldorin (Ety/KOR). √KOR “round” was also mentioned in etymological notes probably written in the early 1960s (PE17/184). Its derivatives like Q. corma “ring” (LotR/953) and S. cerin “(circular) mound” (LotR/350; RC/309) appeared regularly in Tolkien’s later writings.

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. cornë “loaf”
  • ᴺQ. coro “around”
  • Q. coron “mound, mound; [ᴹQ] globe, ball”
  • ᴺQ. corpë “skull”
  • ᴺQ. coropë “skull”
  • ᴺQ. corta- “to roll up, roll, pack”
  • Q. corto “circle”
  • S. cerin “circular mound, artificial hill, circular mound, artificial hill; [N.] round enclosure”
  • S. cor “ring, circle”
  • ᴺS. corob “skull”
  • S. corod “circle”

Element in

  • √SKOR “rough, marred, unequal or unsymmetrical in shape” ✧ PE17/184
  • Q. coranar “(solar) year, (lit.) sun-round”
  • Q. corma “ring”
  • ᴺS. corf “ring (for fingers)”
Primitive elvish [PE17/158; PE17/184] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

caur

place name. Kôr

The Noldorin equivalent of ᴹQ. Kôr appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s, developing from the primitive form ᴹ✶kǭro (Ety/KOR, EtyAC/KOR).

Conceptual Development: In earlier narratives it appeared as G. Gwâr (LT2/291) or G. Côr (LB/21, SM/86). The second form also appeared in The Etymologies as a derivative of ᴹ✶koro before it was rejected and replaced by Caur (Ety/KOR, EtyAC/KOR).

Changes

  • Cór → Caur ✧ Ety/KOR
  • Côr → Kôr ✧ SM/086

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. Kôr ✧ Ety/KOR; Ety/KOR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶kǭro “Kôr” ✧ EtyAC/KOR; EtyAC/KOR
    • ᴹ√KOR “round” ✧ Ety/KOR
  • ᴹ√KOR “round” ✧ Ety/KOR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶koro > Cór[koro] > [kor] > [kōr]✧ EtyAC/KOR
ᴹ✶kǭro > Caur[kǭro] > [kǭr] > [kour] > [kaur]✧ EtyAC/KOR

Variations

  • Cór ✧ Ety/KOR (Cór)
  • Côr ✧ EtyAC/KOR (Côr); SM/086 (Côr)
Noldorin [Ety/KOR; EtyAC/KOR; SM/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

corn

adjective. round, globed

Noldorin [Ety/365] Group: SINDICT. Published by

auth

noun. war, battle

Noldorin [Ety/365, Ety/379, VT/45:23] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

kôr

place name. Kôr

Name of the hill where Túna, the city of the Elves in Valinor, was located in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/45, LR/222). In The Etymologies it was derived from the root ᴹ√KOR “round” (Ety/KOR).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, ᴱQ. Kôr was the name of the city as well as the hill.

Changes

  • Kôr → Túna ✧ MR/180
  • Côr → Kôr ✧ SMI/Côr
  • Kôr → Tûn ✧ WJI/Tûn

Cognates

  • N. Caur “Kôr” ✧ Ety/KOR; Ety/KOR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KOR “round” ✧ Ety/KOR
  • ᴹ✶kǭro “Kôr” ✧ EtyAC/KOR
    • ᴹ√KOR “round” ✧ Ety/KOR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KOR > Kôr[kōr]✧ Ety/KOR
ᴹ✶koro > Kôr[kōro] > [kōr]✧ EtyAC/KOR

Variations

  • Côr ✧ SMI/Côr
Qenya [Ety/KOR; EtyAC/KOR; LRI/Kôr; MR/180; MRI/Kôr; SM/086; SMI/Côr; TII/Kôr; WJI/Kôr; WJI/Tûn] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ohta

noun. war

Cognates

  • N. auth “war, battle” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ
  • Ilk. oth “war” ✧ Ety/OKTĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶oktā “strife, war” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; PE19/055
    • ᴹ√KOT(H) “quarrel, strive, be wroth” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; PE18/038; PE18/062

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶oktā > ohta[oktā] > [oxtā] > [oxta]✧ Ety/KOT
ᴹ✶OKTĀ > ohta[oktā] > [oxtā] > [oxta]✧ Ety/OKTĀ
ᴹ✶òkotā́ > okǝtā > oktā́ > ohta[okotā] > [oktā] > [oxtā] > [oxta]✧ PE19/055
Qenya [Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; EtyAC/OKTĀ; LR/047; LR/056; PE19/055; PE22/020; PE22/022; PE22/044; PE22/051; SD/246; SD/310] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

oth

noun. war

A noun for “war” derived from primitive ᴹ✶oktā (Ety/OKTĀ). It is a good example of how double spirants became single in Ilkorin, in this case [kt] > [xθ] (or [θθ]) > [θ].

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. ohta “war” ✧ Ety/OKTĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶oktā “strife, war” ✧ Ety/OKTĀ
    • ᴹ√KOT(H) “quarrel, strive, be wroth” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; PE18/038; PE18/062

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶OKTĀ > oth[oktā] > [okta] > [oxθa] > [oθa] > [oθ]✧ Ety/OKTĀ
Doriathrin [Ety/OKTĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

kor

root. round

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶kornā “round, globed” ✧ Ety/KOR
    • ᴹQ. korna “round, globed” ✧ Ety/KOR
    • N. corn “round, globed” ✧ Ety/KOR
  • ᴹ✶kǭro “Kôr” ✧ Ety/KOR
    • ᴹQ. Kôr ✧ EtyAC/KOR
    • N. Caur “Kôr” ✧ EtyAC/KOR; EtyAC/KOR
  • ᴹQ. koron “globe, ball” ✧ Ety/KOR
  • ᴹQ. Kôr ✧ Ety/KOR
  • ᴹQ. korin “circular enclosure, circular enclosure, [ᴱQ.] great circular hedge” ✧ Ety/KOR
  • N. Caur “Kôr” ✧ Ety/KOR
  • N. cerin “round enclosure” ✧ Ety/KOR
  • N. coron “globe, ball” ✧ Ety/KOR

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KOR; Ety/RIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kǭro

place name. Kôr

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KOR “round” ✧ Ety/KOR

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. Kôr ✧ EtyAC/KOR
  • N. Caur “Kôr” ✧ EtyAC/KOR; EtyAC/KOR

Variations

  • koro ✧ EtyAC/KOR
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/KOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

crôl

adjective. round

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶korolda ✧ GL/27
    • ᴱ√KORO “be round, roll”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶korolda > crôl[korolda] > [krolda] > [krold] > [kroll]✧ GL/27

Early Quenya

kor

noun. war

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GOÞO “strive; angry” ✧ QL/048

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√KOSO > kŏr[kos] > [kor]✧ QL/048

Variations

  • kŏr ✧ QL/048
Early Quenya [PME/048; QL/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kôr

place name. Kôr

Changes

  • Kor → Cor ✧ LB/021
  • Kôr → Tûn ✧ LT1I/Tûn
  • Kôr → Tûn ✧ LT2/202
  • Kôr → Tûn ✧ LT2I/Tûn

Cognates

  • G. Gwâr ✧ GL/41; GL/47; LT1A/Kôr; LT2/291
  • G. Côr ✧ PE15/07; PE15/21; LT1A/Kôr; PE13/103

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶Gu̯oră· ✧ GL/41; GL/47; LT2/291
    • ᴱ√KORO “be round, roll” ✧ LT1A/korin
  • ᴱ√KOÐO “revere‽” ✧ LT1A/Kôr; QL/048

Element in

  • Eq. Ilkorin “Not of Kôr” ✧ LT1A/Ilkorin
  • Eq. Koreldar “Elves of Kôr”
  • Eq. Kor(o)mas “Resting of the Exiles of Kôr” ✧ LT1A/Koromas (Kormas); QL/048
  • Eq. Kortirion ✧ LT1A/Koromas; LT2/291; QL/048

Variations

  • Kor ✧ LB/021; PE13/103; PE15/21; QL/048
  • Kóre ✧ QL/042
Early Quenya [GL/41; GL/47; LB/021; LBI/Côr; LT1/122; LT1/222; LT1A/Ilkorin; LT1A/Kôr; LT1A/Koromas; LT1I/Kôr; LT1I/Tûn; LT2/202; LT2/291; LT2I/Kôr; LT2I/Tûn; PE13/103; PE15/07; PE15/21; QL/042; QL/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

korima

adjective. round

Early Quenya [LT1A/korin; QL/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ohta

noun. war

Cognates

  • En. oith “feud” ✧ PE13/151; PE13/164

Element in

  • Eq. karo ohtan “a deed of (some actual) war” ✧ PE14/045; PE14/075
  • Eq. ohtar “warrior” ✧ PE15/78
  • Eq. ohta·karo “warlike deed, hostile unfriendly act(ion)” ✧ PE14/045; PE14/075
  • Eq. Teler-’ohta “*Sea-elf War” ✧ PE14/109
Early Quenya [PE13/151; PE13/164; PE14/045; PE14/075; PE14/109; PE15/78] Group: Eldamo. Published by

werin(a)

adjective. round

Cognates

  • G. gweron “spun, rounded, cylindrical”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GWERE “whirl, twirl, twist” ✧ QL/103

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√GWERE > ’werin(a)[gʷerin] > [werin]✧ QL/103

Variations

  • ’werin(a) ✧ QL/103
Early Quenya [QL/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by