1) heleg (i cheleg, o cheleg), pl. helig (i chelig), 2) (a mass of ice) gochel (i **ochel), pl. gechil (i ngechil = i ñechil), coll. pl. gochellath**. Archaic pl. *göchil.
Quenya
helcë
ice
Sindarin
heleg
ice
heleg
ice
(i cheleg, o cheleg), pl. helig (i chelig)
gochel
ice
(i ’ochel), pl. gechil (i ngechil = i ñechil), coll. pl. gochellath. Archaic pl. ✱göchil.
Primitive elvish
khel
root. ice, [ᴹ√] freeze
This root was the basis for “ice” words all the way back in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, where ᴱ√HELE appeared with variant ᴱ√HḶKḶ as the basis for words like ᴱQ. helke “ice”, ᴱQ. helka “ice-cold”, ᴱQ. halkin “frozen”, and ᴱQ. hilk- “freeze” (QL/39). The root was given as {hele-k >>} χele-k in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon with derivatives like G. hel- “freeze”, G. heleg “ice” and G. helc “ice-cold, icy, cold” (GL/48). The Gnomish forms do not show the kinds of vowel-variations that would indicate the presence of ancient syllabic Ḷ, so perhaps Tolkien had abandoned ᴱ√HḶKḶ by that point.
The root reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹ√KHEL “freeze” and extended root ᴹ√KHELEK “ice”, with the reappearance of many derived forms as well such as ᴹQ. helke/N. heleg “ice” and ᴹQ. helka/N. helch “ice-cold” (Ety/KHEL). Tolkien’s continued use of words like Q. Helcaraxë “Grinding Ice” indicate the ongoing validity of the extended root √KHELEK (S/134), and the shorter root √KHEL “ice” appeared in later notes of the origin of S. Forochel (PE17/116).
Derivatives
Element in
Variations
- khel ✧ PE17/116
khelek
root. ice
Derivatives
Elements
Word Gloss KHEL “ice, [ᴹ√] freeze” Variations
- khelek- ✧ SA/khelek
Noldorin
heleg
noun. ice
heleg
noun. ice
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “ice” derived from the root ᴹ√KHELEK of the same meaning (Ety/KHELEK).
Conceptual Development: G. heleg “ice” also appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s along with a variant helc, both under primitive χele-k (GL/48). This is clearly related to the early root ᴱ√HELE as first suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Helkar; QL/39).
Cognates
Derivations
- ᴹ√KHELEK “ice” ✧ Ety/KHEL
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KHELEK > heleg [kʰeleke] > [xeleke] > [xelek] > [xeleg] > [heleg] ✧ Ety/KHEL
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Qenya
helke
noun. ice
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “ice” derived from the root ᴹ√KHELEK of the same meaning (Ety/KHELEK).
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. helke “ice” also appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√HELE (QL/39).
Cognates
- N. heleg “ice” ✧ Ety/KHEL
Derivations
- ᴹ√KHELEK “ice” ✧ Ety/KHEL
Element in
- ᴹQ. helkelimbe “*icicle, (lit.) ice-drop”
- ᴺQ. helquir “ice cream”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KHELEK > helke [kʰeleke] > [kʰelke] > [xelke] > [helke] ✧ Ety/KHEL
Middle Primitive Elvish
khel
root. freeze
Derivatives
Element in
- ᴹ√KHELEK “ice”
- ᴹQ. Helkarakse “Grinding Ice” ✧ Ety/KARAK
- N. Helcharaes ✧ Ety/KARAK (
elcharaes); Ety/KARAK
khelek
root. ice
Derivatives
Element in
- ᴹQ. helkelimbe “*icicle, (lit.) ice-drop” ✧ Ety/LIB¹
Elements
Word Gloss KHEL “freeze”
Gnomish
helc
noun. ice
heleg
noun. ice
Cognates
- Eq. helke “ice” ✧ LT1A/Helkar
Derivations
- ᴱ√HELE “*freeze” ✧ GL/48; LT1A/Helkar
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√χele-k > heleg [xelek] > [helek] > [heleg] ✧ GL/48 Variations
- helc ✧ GL/48; LT1A/Helkar
geluim
masculine name. Ice
Changes
Gelum→ Geluim ✧ GL/22Deluth→ Geluim ✧ PE15/21Deluth→ Geluim ✧ PE15/24Cognates
- Eq. Yelur “Melko” ✧ GL/38; PE15/21; PE15/24; GL/18; LT1A/Melko; PE13/103; PE14/012
Derivations
- ᴱ√DYELE “*cold” ✧ LT1A/Melko
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√DYELE > Geluim [dʲeloimu] > [geloimu] > [geloim] > [geluim] ✧ LT1A/Melko Variations
- Gelum ✧ GL/22 (
Gelum)- Gieluim ✧ LT1A/Melko
- Deluth ✧ PE13/103; PE15/21 (
Deluth); PE15/24 (Deluth)- Gelodh ✧ PE14/012
Early Noldorin
lhinc
noun. ice
Early Quenya
helke
noun. ice
Cognates
- G. heleg “ice” ✧ LT1A/Helkar
Derivations
- ᴱ√HELE “*freeze” ✧ LT1A/Helkar; QL/039
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√HELE > helke [xelkē] > [xelke] > [helke] ✧ QL/039 Variations
- helkë ✧ LT1A/Helkar
yalka
noun. ice
A noun for “ice” in the Qenya Lexicon under the early root ᴱ√ẎALA “ring, sound hollow” (QL/105). Elsewhere in the Qenya Lexicon Tolkien contrasted it with ᴱQ. helke “ice” (QL/39), and in later writings Tolkien retained helke and seems to have abandoned yalka.
Derivations
- ᴱ√ẎALA “ring, sound hollow” ✧ QL/105
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√ẎALA > yalka [ðʲalkā] > [ðʲalka] > [jalka] ✧ QL/105
helcë ("k") noun "ice" (KHELEK, LT1:254)