enda noun "heart", but not referring to the physical organ; it literally means "centre" (cf. endë) and refers to the fëa (soul) or sáma (mind) itself. (VT39:32)
Quenya
elwen
heart
enda
heart
hón
heart
hón noun "heart" (physical) (KHŌ-N); hon-maren "heart of the house", a fire (LR:63, 73; this is "Qenya" with genitive in -en, not -o as in LotR-style Quenya read *hon-maro?)
órë
heart
órë (1) noun "heart" (inner mind), also name of tengwa #21 (Appendix E), "premonition" (VT41:13), "nearest equivalent of 'heart' in our application to feelings, or emotions (courage, fear, hope, pity, etc.)" (VT41:13). The órë apparently defines a person's personality, cf. the description of Galadriel in PM:337, that "there dwelt in her the noble and generous spirit (órë) of the Vanyar". Órenya "my heart" (VT41:11).
hón
noun. heart (physical organ)
The word for the “heart” as a physical organ, as opposed to more metaphorical words like Q. órë and Q. indo. Its stem form was hom- in Tolkien’s later writings (NM/176, PE19/97).
Conceptual Development: The base word for “heart” was quite stable in Tolkien’s mind, but its exact stem form varied. It first appeared as ᴱQ. hon (hond-) “heart” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√HONO, above a longer form hondo (QL/40). It became honde “heart” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/137), but in the contemporaneous Early Noldorin Word-lists, it was londo (PE13/149, 162).
In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s it was ᴹQ. hón “heart” with stem form hom- (PE21/23), but in The Etymologies written around 1937 it was derived from the root ᴹ√KHŌ-N “heart (physical)” (Ety/KHŌ-N). In 1968 notes on gender, hón the “physical organ heart” again had a stem form hom-, and in green ink addendums to the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from around 1970, Tolkien gave the primitive form as ✶khō̆m (PE19/97 and 98 note #142). In this last note, Tolkien said it “is not the physical heart, but ‘the interior’ used of the whole range of emotions or feelings”; this seems to be the only place Tolkien indicated this word was metaphorical in nature rather than referring to the physical organ.
órë
noun. heart (inner mind); warning, caution, (pre)monition, heart (inner mind), *conscience; warning, caution, (pre)monition
The meaning of the Quenya word órë is quite subtle, and does not have a direct equivalent in English. In The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien translated the word as “heart (inner mind)” (LotR/1123), but elsewhere he said that this was a poor translation of the word (VT41/11; NM/220). Tolkien wrote a lengthy essay on the nature of this word, first published in the year 2000 (VT41/11-19) and again in 2021 (NM/219-225). In this essay Tolkien described it as the source of wisdom and moral impulses that informed one’s judgement, so perhaps the closest English equivalent is “conscience”. This is still not quite right, however, since the órë could be the source of negative impulses as well, particularly among Men (VT41/13; NM/223). Furthermore, divine powers such as the Valar could sometimes (but not always) communicate subtly through one’s órë (VT41/15). Galadriel was described as having a particularly noble and generous órë (PM/337).
This word could also be used with the sense “warning, caution” (VT41/15) or even “premonition” (VT41/13). It seems that the órë and its urges was viewed as almost external to the mind itself, as indicated by the phrase órenya quetë nin “my heart tells me” = “I feel compelled to ...”, not unlike the pop-cultural “shoulder angel and devil” whispering into your ear. Tolkien said that in Quenya this word was associated with the sense of √OR “rise” and its urges were seen as rising up within the spirit (VT41/13). Compare this to the words for ordinary feelings, such as fëafelmë “✱(lit.) spirit-impulse”.
The word órë was also the name of tengwa #21 [6] used for a weak and untrilled medial r (LotR/1123), many of which originated from primitive intervocalic [z] or [d]. There is no sign that órë ever had such a consonant medially, however, and it seems this name was chosen simply because it had a medial r.
Conceptual Development: There is no clear precursor to this word in Tolkien’s earlier writings, except perhaps ᴹQ. hóre “impulse” (Ety/KHOR).
Huorë
heart-vigour, courage
Huorë masc. name "Heart-vigour, courage" (KHŌ-N)
Naira
heart of flame
Naira (1) noun "Heart of Flame", a name of the Sun (MR:198)
indo
heart, mood
indo (1) noun "heart, mood" (ID), "state" (perhaps especially state of mind, given the other glosses) (VT39:23), "mind, region/range of thought, mood" (PE17:155, 179), "inner thought, in fea as exhibited in character or [?personality]" (PE17:189). In another post-LotR source, indo is translated "resolve" or "will", the state of mind leading directly to action (VT41:13). Indo is thus "the mind in its purposing faculty, the will" (VT41:17). Indo-ninya,a word occurring in Fíriels Song, translated "my heart" (see ninya). In the compound indemma "mind-picture", the first element would seem to be indo.
holmo
adverb. sincerely, heartily, sincerely, heartily; *(lit.) from the heart; [ᴹQ.] from the middle
enda
noun. heart; centre, heart; centre, *interior
honda
adjective. hearted
An adjective form of hón appearing as an element of the word sincahonda “flint-hearted” (LotR/979).
Conceptual Development: In 1940s Lord of the Rings drafts it first appeared as ᴹQ. hondo in ᴹQ. tingahondo “flint-hearted” (SD/68).
ruimen
noun. fireplace, hearth
A word for “fireplace, hearth” in 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD) derived from the root √RUYU “blaze, red” (PE17/183). Its second element might be √MEN = “place” (its meaning from the 1930s), though in Tolkien’s later writings this root was more often used for “direction”.
Conceptual Development: Earlier fireplace words from the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s include ᴱQ. arin “hearth” derived from the early root ᴱ√ARA “be dry” (QL/32; PME/32) and ᴱQ. purin (purind-) “hearth” derived from the early root ᴱ√PUŘU [PUÐU] “consume by fire” (QL/76; PME/76).
ruimen
fireplace, hearth
ruimen noun "fireplace, hearth" (PE17:183)
anar
noun. Sun
Anar is the most common Quenya name for the Sun and was derived from primitive ✶Anār, an augmented form of the root √NAR “fire” (Let/425; PE17/38; Ety/ANÁR; SD/302, 306). In the uninflected form the long vowel shortens as usual in final syllables, but its stem form is probably Anár- as with the name Anárion (LotR/1044) and the plural coranári of coranar “sun-round” (PM/126). When suffixes with consonant clusters are added, however, the á shortens such as with Anarinya “my Sun” (LR/72).
Conceptual Development: This term appeared in Silmarillion drafts of the 1930s with the gloss “Heart of Flame” (LR/240) and as ᴹQ. Anar “sun” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, already with the derivation given above (Ety/ANÁR, NAR¹).
hontompa
noun. heartbeat
@@@ Discord 2022-07-18
lúsina
glowing
lúsina adj. "glowing" (of things), "hearty" (of people) (QL:57). If this word is to be used in LotR-style Quenya, one would have to assume that it represents older lúþina and is derived from a root LUTH.
Anar
sun
Anar noun "Sun" (ANÁR, NAR1, SA:nár; UT:22 cf. 51); anar "a sun" (Markirya); Anarinya "my Sun" (FS). See also ceuranar, Úr-anar. (According to VT45:6, Tolkien in the Etymologies mentioned anar "sun" as the name of the short vowel carrier of the Tengwar writing system; it would be the first letter if anar is written in Quenya mode Tengwar.) Compounded in the masc. name Anárion "Sun-son" (Isildur's brother, also the Númenorean king Tar-Anárion, UT:210); also in Anardil "Sun-friend" (Appendix A), a name also occurring in the form Anardilya with a suffix of endearment (UT:174, 418). Anarya noun second day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Sun (Appendix D). Anarríma name of a constellation: *"Sun-border"??? (Silm; cf. ríma)
Calaventë
sun
Calaventë _("k")_noun "Sun" (LT1:254)
Calavénë
sun
Calavénë _("k")_noun "Sun" (lit. "light-vessel", "light-dish") (LT1:254)
Narsil
sun
Narsil (Þ) noun the sword of Elendil, compound of the stems seen in Anar "Sun" and Isil "Moon"; see Letters:425 for etymology
enne
noun. thought, purpose
lauca
warm
lauca ("k")adj. "warm" (LAW)
minta
inwards, [?into]
minta prep. "inwards, [?into]" (Tolkien's gloss is not certainly legible). Also mitta. (VT45:34)
mitta
inwards, [?into]
mitta (4) prep. "inwards, [?into]" (Tolkiens gloss is not certainly legible). Also minta. (VT45:34)
mitya
interior
mitya adj. "interior" (MI)
sanar
mind
sanar noun "mind" (literally "thinker" or "reflector", suggesting an underlying verb #sana- "to think, to reflect") (VT41:13)
sanwë
thought, an act of thinking
sanwë noun "thought, an act of thinking" (VT39:23, 30; VT41:5, 13, PE17:183)
sáma
mind
sáma noun "mind" (pl. sámar and dual samat [sic, read *sámat?] are given) (VT39:23, VT41:5, VT49:33, PE17:183)
sáma
noun. mind
síma
mind, imagination
síma noun "mind, imagination" (VT49:16); variant isima. Also attested with endings: símaryassen "in their imaginations" (with the ending -rya used = "their" rather than "his/her", according to colloquial useage) (VT49:16)
tenna
noun. thought
thought, notion, idea
vása
proper name. Consumer
Another name given to the Sun by the Noldor (S/99), translated as “Consumer” (MR/130). The etymology of this name is unclear, though it could conceivably be related to the root ᴹ√BARAS “heat” (Ety/BARAS). The usual Quenya word for the Sun is Anar.
Conceptual Development: The earliest Elvish name for the Sun was ᴱQ. Ûr “Fire” (LT1/187), changed to ᴹQ. Úrin “Fiery” in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/240). In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, Úrin changed to Naira and then Vása (MR/198), though Úr(in) still appeared in some late writings (PE17/148, MR/377).
úr(in)
proper name. Sun
A late remnant of earlier names for the Sun: ᴱQ. Ûr and ᴹQ. Úrin. In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, this name was changed from Úrin >> Naira >> Vása (MR/198), but the form Úr(in) occasionally appeared in some later writings (PE17/148, MR/377). This name was a derivative of the root √UR “heat, be hot” (PE17/148).
Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name was ᴱQ. Ûr, Ur or Úri “Sun”, but literally meaning “Fire” (LT1/187, QL/98). The name became ᴹQ. Úrin in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/240). It was rejected in The Etymologies along with the root form ᴹ√UR, but reappeared sometimes in later writing as noted above.
úri
sun
úri noun "sun" (MC:214, 221; this is "Qenya"); genitive úrio "sun's" (MC:216)
mitië
noun. interior
elwen noun "heart" (LT1:255; rather hón or enda in LotR-style Quenya)