Quenya 

hala

(small) fish

hala (1) noun "(small) fish" (KHAL1, SKAL2, VT45:20)

hala

noun. cast shadow, cast shadow, *shade

A Quenya word meaning “a cast shadow” appearing in two forms, hala and (archaic) †ixal, both cognates to S. esgal and derived from the root √SKAL “cover, veil, cloak, conceal” (PE17/184). The form hala is the normal development from primitive ✶skalā where the initial sk eventually became h, whereas ixal shows a vowel i developing before syllabic ṣ and then the surviving sk undergoing metathesis to ks (x).

Neo-Quenya: Given that primitive ✶skalā is actually “the action or effect of overshadowing”, I think hala can mean both “(cast) shadow” and “✱shade” as in a shaded region beneath a screen of leaves or something similar. For the screen itself I’d use fanwa.

Cognates

  • S. esgal “cast shadow, shade; screen, hiding, veil, cast shadow, shade; screen, hiding; veil” ✧ PE17/184

Derivations

  • ✶skalā “a cast shadow; the action or effect of overshadowing” ✧ PE17/184
    • √SKAL “cover, veil, cloak, conceal, cover, veil, cloak, conceal, [ᴹ√] screen, hide (from light), overshadow” ✧ PE17/184

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶skalā > ixal[ṣkal] > [iskal] > [iksal]✧ PE17/184
✶skalā > hala[skalā] > [xalā] > [halā] > [hala]✧ PE17/184

Variations

  • ixal ✧ PE17/184 (ixal)

hala

cast shadow

hala (2) noun "a cast shadow" (PE17:184)

ixal

noun. cast shadow

ixal

cast shadow

†ixal noun "a cast shadow" (PE17:184)

Sindarin 

esgal

a cast shadow

_n. _a cast shadow. Q. hala, poet. ixal. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:184] < _skalā _the action or effect of overshadowing < SKAL cover, veil, cloak, conceal. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

hala

noun. (small) fish

A noun for “fish” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶skala under the root ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” (Ety/SKAL²). This replaced an earlier derivation from ᴹ✶khala under the deleted entry for the root ᴹ√KHAL “(small) fish” (Ety/KHAL¹).

Cognates

  • N. hâl “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” ✧ Ety/KHAL¹; Ety/SKAL²
  • ᴹ✶skala “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
    • ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Element in

  • ᴹQ. halatir(no) “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher” ✧ Ety/KHAL¹ (halatir); Ety/SKAL²

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHAL¹ > hala[kʰala] > [xala] > [hala]✧ Ety/KHAL¹
ᴹ√SKAL² > hala[skala] > [xala] > [hala]✧ Ety/SKAL²
ᴹ✶khala > hala[kʰala] > [xala] > [hala]✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
Qenya [Ety/KHAL¹; Ety/SKAL²; EtyAC/KHAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

khal

root. (small) fish

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

khol

root. (small) fish

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

hala

root. *leap

A root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives such as ᴱQ. halta- “to leap” and ᴱQ. haloite “leaping” (QL/39). The root also appeared near the words ᴱQ. halis and haliske “rush”, which may or may not be related. There are no obvious cognates of these words in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, but there are several Gnomish words that might be derived from this or a similar root, such as: G. hala- “drag, draw, pull”, G. halthi “sheath”, and G. halm “draught, draft, drawing (of fishes etc.)” (GL/47), the last of these with a Qenya cognate appearing in ᴱQ. Turuhalme “Logdrawing” (LT1/229). It is not clear how many roots these various forms represent, but in any case there are no signs of any of them in Tolkien’s later writing.

Derivatives

  • Eq. halis “rush” ✧ QL/039
  • Eq. haloisi “the sea (in storm)” ✧ LT1A/Haloisi Velikë; QL/039
  • Eq. halta- “to leap” ✧ LT1A/Haloisi Velikë; QL/039
  • Eq. halme “drawing”
  • G. hal(a)- “to drag, draw, pull”
  • G. halcha- “to drag on ground (roughly)”
  • G. halm “draught, draft, drawing (of fishes etc.)”

Element in

  • Eq. haloite “leaping” ✧ LT1A/Haloisi Velikë; QL/039
Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Haloisi Velikë; QL/039] Group: Eldamo. Published by