Quenya 

calima

bright

calima adj. "bright" (VT42:32); cf. ancalima; in PE17:56, arcalima appears as another superlative "brightest" (see ar- #2).

Sindarin 

glân

adjective. bright, shining white

The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" (and later "clear") as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text, but see VT/45:13). Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE/11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE/13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is also long, though this is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking

Sindarin [Curunír 'Lân UT/390] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gail

bright

gail (light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).

gail

bright

(light), lenited ngail; no distinct pl. form (VT45:18). The adj. calen etymologically means "bright", but is used = "green" (q.v.).

gîl

bright spark

(i ngîl = i ñîl, construct gil) (star, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. *giliath** (RGEO, MR:388)*

Primitive elvish

gaili

noun. ray

Derivations

  • √GAL “light; shine, be bright”

Variations

  • gailĭ ✧ PE21/80
Primitive elvish [PE21/80] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kalinā

adjective. bright

Derivatives

  • Q. calina “light, bright, sunny, (lit.) illumined”

Elements

WordGloss
kal-“to shine, be bright”
-nā“adjective suffix; passive participle”
Primitive elvish [PE22/136] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

gail

adjective. bright, light

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶galyā “bright, light” ✧ Ety/KAL
    • ᴹ√GAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶galyā > gail[galjā] > [galja] > [galia] > [geli] > [geil] > [gail]✧ Ety/KAL
Noldorin [Ety/KAL; EtyAC/KAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Doriathrin

gelion

adjective. bright

An adjective meaning “bright” derived from the root ᴹ√GAL, the basis of the river name Gelion (Ety/GYEL). There isn’t enough information to deduce its primitive form, but Helge Fauskanger suggested ✱✶galjānā (AL-Ilkorin/gelion), which seems reasonably plausible.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GAL “shine” ✧ Ety/GYEL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√GAL > gelion[galjānā] > [galjāna] > [galjōna] > [galiōna] > [geliōna] > [geliōn] > [gelion]✧ Ety/GYEL
Doriathrin [Ety/GYEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

galan

root. bright

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ala “day” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
  • ᴹQ. alan “daytime” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
  • ᴺS. glaen “serene, clear, fair (espec. of weather)”
  • S. glân “white, [bright shining] white; [N.] clear; [G.] pure, †bright; [ᴱN.] clean”
  • N. glan “clear” ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
  • ᴺS. glanna- “to cleanse, purify, purge, *to clear, make clear”

Variations

  • GALÁN ✧ EtyAC/GAL¹
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/GAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

galyā

adjective. bright, light

Derivations

  • ᴹ√GAL “shine” ✧ Ety/KAL

Derivatives

  • N. gail “bright, light” ✧ Ety/KAL
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KAL; EtyAC/KAL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

glarw(ed)

adjective. bright, light

Changes

  • glar → glarw ✧ GL/39

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KALA “shine golden”

Variations

  • glarw ✧ GL/39
  • glarwed ✧ GL/39
  • glar ✧ GL/39 (glar)
  • glaur ✧ PE13/114
Gnomish [GL/39; PE13/114] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

glarw

noun. ray, radiance

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KALA “shine golden”

Element in

Early Noldorin [PE13/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

glarweb

adjective. bright, light

Changes

  • glad → glaid ✧ PE13/126

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
glarw“ray, radiance”

Variations

  • glaid ✧ PE13/126 (glaid)
  • glad ✧ PE13/126 (glad)
Early Noldorin [PE13/126; PE13/141] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

ak’lā

noun. ray

Derivations

Derivatives

  • Eq. alka “ray (of light), light of day; shining” ✧ QL/030
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

selka

adjective. bright

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SELE “*bright” ✧ QL/083

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√SELE > selka[selkā] > [selka]✧ QL/083
Early Quenya [PME/083; QL/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by