gas

noun. hole, gap

A word in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “hole, gap” derived from primitive ᴹ✶gassā under the root ᴹ√GAS “yawn, gape” (Ety/GAS). Based on context, I think this word refers mainly to a hole or gap between things rather than a hole inside of something.

gas

noun. hole, gap

gasdil

noun. stopgap

dath

noun. hole, pit, steep fall, abyss

ell

noun. sky

An element meaning “sky” in several names from The Etymologies of the 1930s: N. Elfaron “Sky-hunter” (Ety/SPAR) and N. Elthoron “Eagle of the Sky” (Ety/THOR). It was derived from the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” which had an Old Noldorin form: ON. elle (Ety/ƷEL). However, Tolkien said “In Noldorin and Telerin this is confused with EL star”, implying that the word was not used in modern language; an earlier but rejected version of this entry had archaic N. †ell, el “sky” (EtyAC/ƷEL).

Neo-Sindarin: Despite the above statements, ell is probably the best attested option for “sky” in Neo-Sindarin, and I would use it as such, since it is in fact distinct from S. êl “star”, a word that is itself archaic/poetic versus more common S. gil.

gwelw

noun. air (as substance)

gwelw

noun. air (as a substance)

A noun appearing in The Etymologies of the 1930s as N. gwelw “air (as a substance)” derived from primitive ᴹ✶wilwā under the root ᴹ√WIL “fly, float in air” (Ety/WIL).

Conceptual Development: An earlier precursor is G. gwail “air” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√gu̯il (GL/45).

Neo-Sindarin: If adapted to Neo-Sindarin, this word would be ᴺS. gwelu as suggested in HSD (HSD).

gwelwen

noun. air, lower air (distinct from the upper air of the stars, or the outer)

gwelwen

noun. air, lower air

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s given as the equivalent of ᴹQ. vilwa “lower air” under the root ᴹ√WIL (Ety/WIL). Since ᴹQ. vilwa was changed to wilma, I’d abandon this word and use N. gwilith instead.

gwilith

noun. air (as a region)

lhind

noun. air, tune

lhinn

noun. air, tune

ters

noun. (fine pierced) hole

tess

noun. (fine pierced) hole

thûl

noun. breath

thûl

noun. breath

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “breath” derived from the root ᴹ√THŪ “puff, blow” (Ety/THŪ). As written in The Etymologies, the actual form was thūl (EtyAC/THŪ).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien gave G. fest “breath, breathing” (GL/35), likely derived from the early root ᴱ√ǶEHE “breathe” (QL/41) with *ƕ* becoming *f*.

torech

noun. hole, excavation, lair

gilith

noun. region above air where stars are

cf. Q ilmen

gas

root. *warmth

as

root. warmth

A root appearing in several sets of etymological notes from 1957 glossed “warmth” and forming the basis for Q. árë “sunlight, warmth” (PE17/148). This is further supported by the archaic form †ázë for this word (LotR/1123), with intervocalic [s] > [z] > [r] as usual. The form Âs was also mentioned as an ancient name for the Sun in some Silmarillion notes (MR/380). At one point Tolkien connected this root to S. Asfaloth which he translated as “Sunlit Foam” (PE17/18); he then rejected this derivation saying the root form was actually √GAS, but since the ancient form was given as √AS in several other places, perhaps he changed his mind.

ekka

noun. hole

phā

noun. breath, puff of breath

gass

hole

(i ’ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais = i ñais)

dath

hole

1. dath (i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8), 2) gass (i **ass, construct gas) (gap), pl. gais (i ngais** = i ñais), 3)

Menel

noun. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars

faw

noun. *breath, puff of breath

An unglossed word in 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD) derived from the root √PHAW (PE17/181). Since this root was elsewhere glossed “emit (foul breath etc.)”, this word probably mean something like “✱breath, puff of breath”, like its cognate Q. foa (VT47/35).

gwelu

noun. air (as substance)

lind

noun. air, tune

dath

hole

(i dhath) (pit, steep fall, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8)

gwelu

air

2. (as substance) gwelu (i **welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw** (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely *gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..

gwelu

noun. air (as a substance)

gwelu

air

(i ’welu), analogical pl. gwely (in gwely) if there is a pl. The attested form is archaic gwelw (LR:398 s.v. WIL). Hence the coll. pl. is likely ✱gwelwath, if there is a coll. pl..

gwelwen

air

1. (as a region) gwelwen (i **welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i **wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)

gwelwen

air

(i ’welwen), pl. gwelwin (in gwelwin), also gwilith (i ’wilith), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwilith)

hwest

breath

(i chwest, o chwest) (puff, breeze), pl. hwist (i chwist)

lind

air

3. (of music) lind (song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)

lind

air

(song, tune; singer, in the latter sense also used of rivers), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. linnath (WJ.309)

tess

fine pierced hole

(i dess, construct tes), pl. tiss (i thiss). Archaic ters *(VT46:18)*****

thûl

breath

1. thûl (pl. thuil), 2) hwest (i chwest, o chwest) (puff, breeze), pl. hwist (i chwist)

thûl

breath

(pl. thuil)

torech

hole

torech (i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.

torech

hole

(i dorech, o thorech) (lair, excavation), pl. terich (i therich) for archaic törich.

vissë

noun. gas

A neologism for “gas” coined by Arael posted on 2025-03-10 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), derived from ᴹ√WIS “air”.

ondomillo

noun. petrol, petroleum, gasoline, gas

A neologism for “petrol, petroleum, gasoline, gas” coined by Röandil posted on 2021-07-13 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) as a combination of ondo “stone” and [ᴱQ.] millo “oil”. It has a shorter variant ondomil.

sauya-

verb. to flatulate, pass gas

A neologism for “flatulate, pass gas” coined by Luinyelle posted on 2025-11-03 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) based on the root √SAW “disgusting, foul, vile”. Its past form is half-strong söanye < sawanye

assa

hole, perforation, opening, mouth

assa "hole, perforation, opening, mouth" (GAS)

Taimë

the sky

Taimë, Taimië noun "the sky" (LT1:268; rather menel in LotR-style Quenya)

carnevaitë

red sky

carnevaitë _("k")_noun "red sky" (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

ecca

hole

ecca ("k")noun "hole", apparently associated with Sindarin torech "secret hole, lair" (PE17:188)

fanyarë

the skies

fanyarë noun "the skies" (not heaven or firmament the upper airs and clouds). Note that despite its English gloss, fanyarë is a singular word and therefore takes a singular adjective/participle, as in fanyarë rúcina "ruined skies" in Markirya (see MC:220, note 8 for this translation)

fanyarë

noun. the skies (not heaven or firmament), the upper airs and clouds

A noun used in the 1960s version of the Markirya poem described as “the skies - not heaven or firmament - the upper airs and clouds” (MC/222-223). It is a (singular) abstract noun based on fanya “cloud” and hence refers to the portion of the sky where the clouds reside, as opposed to menel “the heavens” which is the dome of the sky and the realm of the stars.

foa

breath, puff of breath

foa (1) noun "breath, puff of breath" (VT47:35, 36)

fá

noun. breath, puff of breath

föa

noun. breath, puff of breath

A word appearing as fā in 1968 notes on primitive monosyllables as a derivative of ✶phā “breath, puff of breath” (VT47/35). Tolkien said this word survived in Quenya, but in a later sentence he wrote Q. fawa, foa, perhaps indicating its more common form was foa. The form foa appeared unglossed in 1964 notes on Dalath Dirnen (DD), and also in 1957 Quenya Notes (QN) as a derivative of √PHAW “emit (foul breath etc.)” and an element in foalóke, probably = “✱breath-dragon” (PE17/181). As such, I consider foa the most likely Quenya form and “breath, puff of breath” its most likely meaning.

Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, this word appeared as ᴱQ. foa “hoard, treasure” under the early root ᴱ√FOƷO “hide, hoard, store up, lay up in secret”, also as an element in ᴱQ. Foalôke as the name of a dragon (QL/38).

fúmë

noun. breath

A word for “breath” in the Löa Yucainen poem, perhaps related to föa “(puff of) breath”.

hellë

sky

hellë noun "sky" (3EL; a distinct word hellë "frost" was struck out, see KHEL.)

ilwë

sky, heavens

ilwë noun "sky, heavens" (LT1:255), "the middle air among the stars" (LT1:273). VT49:51, 53 also mentions an obscure prononominal element ilwë.

latta

hole, pit

latta (1) noun "hole, pit" (DAT/DANT, VT45:8)

lindë

air, tune, singing, song

lindë noun "air, tune, singing, song" (SA:gond, (LIN2, [GLIN]); lindelorendor "music-dream-land"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... _(LotR2:III ch. 4, cf. Letters:308). _Also compare lindi- in lindimaitar, q.v. (but the other compounds here cited do not give a lindë a stem-form lindi-).

nu fanyarë rúcina

under ruined skies

The thirty-fourth line of the Markirya poem (MC/222). The first word is the preposition nu “under” followed by the noun fanyarë “skies” and the adjective rúcina, itself the passive participle of the verb ruc-.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> nu fanyarë rúcina = “✱under skies ruined”

unquë

hole, hollow

unquë noun "hole, hollow" (VT46:20, UNUK), also name of tengwa #16 _(Appendix E; there spelt unque, while the Etymologies has unqe)_

vilwa

air, lower air

[vilwa < wilwa] noun "air, lower air" (distinct from the 'upper' air of the stars, or the 'outer') (WIL; in one place vilwa was not struck out, VT46:21) According to VT46:21, Tolkien considered vilda < wilda as a replacement form, but rejected it.

vilya

air, sky

vilya noun "air, sky", also name of tengwa #24. Older wilya. (Appendix E). Early "Qenya" has Vilya (changed from Vilna) "lower air" (LT1:273); also vilya "air" (MC:215)

vilya

noun. air, sky

A word for “air” or “sky” appearing Appendix E of The Lord of the Rings from older †wilya, serving as the name of tengwa #24 [n] (LotR/1123). It is clearly a derivative of the root ᴹ√WIL (Ety/WIL). It has an abnormal plural form wilyar with initial w- in the 1950s version of the Nieninquë poem in the phrase yan i wilyar antar miquelis “✱to whom the air gives kisses” (PE16/96).

Conceptual Development: The notion of the “lower air” as a region dates all the way back to the earliest Lost Tales, where the innermost layer of air was called ᴱQ. Vilna (LT1/65). However, in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, the term was ᴱQ. Vilya “air (lower)” as a derivative of the early root ᴱ√VILI (QL/101). The word vilya “lower air” appeared English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s but was deleted (PE15/68), and this term appeared as both the singular “air” and plural “airs” in version of Nieninqe and its drafts circa 1930: yan/yar i __vilya(r)__ anta miqilis “to whom the air(s) give kisses” (MC/215; PE16/90, 92).

In the Ambarkanta of the early 1930s, the lower air was {Wilwa &gt;&gt;} Vista (SM/236, 240 note #1), but it was Wilwa again in the earliest tales of Númenor from the 1930s (LR/12) and was ᴹQ. {vilwa &gt;&gt;} wilma in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√WIL “fly, float in air” (Ety/WIL). Q. vilya “air, sky” in Appendix E seems to be the last iteration in this chain.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I think vilya refers mainly to air as the region above the ground, as opposed to ᴹQ. vista “air (as a substance)”. You breath vista, but birds fly through vilya, and breezes flow through vilya like ripples in a lake.

wilma

air, lower air

wilma noun "air, lower air" (distinct from the 'upper' air of the stars, or the 'outer') (WIL)

wilya Archaic

noun. air, sky

pûh

noun. breath

A noun translated “breath” and fully declined as an example of a Weak I noun (SD/431).

šebeth

noun. air