Sindarin 

firin

adjective. mortal

adj. mortal. >> firen

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:101] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

firin

adjective. mortal, dying, dying, mortal; [N.] human

An adjective glossed “mortal, dying” with variant forms firin or firen appearing as an element in alfirin “immortal” (PE17/101).

Conceptual Development: The adjective [N.] firen had the gloss “human” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√PHIR (Ety/PHIR).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin I would use this adjective largely for “one in the process dying”, and for “mortal (= one capable of dying)” I would use fíreb.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. firin “dead (by natural cause)”

Derivations

  • firīne “mortal, dying” ✧ PE17/101
    • PHIR “exhale, expire, breathe out, exhale, expire, breathe out; [ᴹ√] die of natural causes”

Element in

  • S. alfirin “immortal, (lit.) not dying; a species of flower” ✧ PE17/101

Elements

WordGloss
fir-“to fade, *die”
-en“adjective suffix”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
firīne > firīn > fĭrin[pʰirīne] > [ɸirīne] > [firīne] > [firīn] > [firin]✧ PE17/101

Variations

  • fĭrin ✧ PE17/101
  • firen ✧ PE17/101
Sindarin [PE17/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

firion

noun. mortal man

Sindarin [WJ/387] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Fíriel

noun. mortal maid

Sindarin [Ety/382, PM/195, PM/232] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fair

noun. mortal

Sindarin [Ety/381, WJ/387, X/EI] Q firya. Group: SINDICT. Published by

feir

noun. mortal

Sindarin [Ety/381, WJ/387, X/EI] Q firya. Group: SINDICT. Published by

feir

noun. Mortal, Mortal, [N.] mortal man

A term used for Men meaning “Mortal”, appearing in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60, cognate to Q. Firya of the same meaning, both derived from √PHIR which was the basis of words for natural death (WJ/387). According to Tolkien this word was borrowed from Quenya, since the Noldor had pre-knowledge of the nature of Men having learned of them from the Valar. The plural form of Feir was Fîr and its class plural Firiath, the latter also appearing in contemporaneous Silmarillion drafts (WJ/219 footnote). It is unclear why this word did not become ✱Fair, since ei became ai in Sindarin monosyllables. Perhaps it remained Feir because it was an adaptation from Quenya, or it could be a conceptual remnant of its Noldorin form (see below).

Conceptual Development: Probably the first precursor to this word was ᴱN. fion “man, human being” from Index of Names for The Lay of the Children of Húrin compiled in the early 1920s (PE15/62), also appearing with the gloss “mortal man” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the same period (PE13/143). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gaven N. {fîr “man, mortal” >>} feir pl. fîr “mortals” under the root ᴹ√PHIR (Ety/PHIR; EtyAC/PHIR), hence with basically the same form, meaning and etymology as it had in later Sindarin.

Cognates

  • Q. Firya “Mortal” ✧ WJ/219; WJI/Feir; WJ/219

Derivations

  • Q. Firya “Mortal” ✧ WJ/387
    • PHIR “exhale, expire, breathe out, exhale, expire, breathe out; [ᴹ√] die of natural causes” ✧ WJ/387

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
Q. Firya > Feir[firja] > [ferja] > [feria] > [feri] > [feir]✧ WJ/387
Q. Firya > Fîr[firji] > [firi] > [fir]✧ WJ/387
Sindarin [WJ/219; WJ/387; WJI/Feir] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fern

noun/adjective. dead, dead person; [N.] dead (of mortals)

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dead (of mortals)” under the root ᴹ√PHIR “die of natural causes”, used as a plural noun in the name Dor Firn i Guinar “Land of the Dead that Live” (Ety/PHIR). Christopher Tolkien choose to include the name Dor Firn-i-Guinar in the published version of The Silmarillion (S/188), and most Sindarin writers accept its ongoing validity.

Derivations

  • PHIR “exhale, expire, breathe out, exhale, expire, breathe out; [ᴹ√] die of natural causes”

Element in

firiath

noun. mortals, human beings

Sindarin [WJ/219, WJ/387] Group: SINDICT. Published by

firieth

noun. mortal woman

Sindarin [WJ/387] fair+-eth (PHIR). Group: SINDICT. Published by

fíreb

adjective. mortal

Sindarin [WJ/387] fair+-eb. Group: SINDICT. Published by

fíreb

noun. Mortal

Cognates

  • Q. Fírima “Mortal, (lit.) One Apt to Die” ✧ WJ/387
Sindarin [WJ/387; WJI/Fíreb] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fíreb

adjective. mortal

An adjective meaning “mortal”, more literally “those apt to die”, a Sindarin adaptation of Q. fírima of the same meaning, both based on the root √PHIR having to do with natural death (WJ/387). It was also used as Fíreb to refer to Mortal Men, a variant of Feir of similar meaning. Tolkien said “Fíreb as compared with Fírima shows the use of a different suffix, since the S equivalent of Q -ima (✱-ef) was not current” (WJ/387).

Derivations

  • PHIR “exhale, expire, breathe out, exhale, expire, breathe out; [ᴹ√] die of natural causes” ✧ WJ/387

Element in

  • S. Fíreb “Mortal” ✧ WJ/387

Elements

WordGloss
fir-“to fade, *die”
-eb“adjective suffix”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
PHIRI > Fíreb[pʰīrikwā] > [pʰīripā] > [pʰīripa] > [ɸīripa] > [ɸīrepa] > [fīrepa] > [fīrep] > [fīreb]✧ WJ/387

Variations

  • Fíreb ✧ WJ/387

sigil

noun. necklace

A word for “necklace” in the name Sigil Elu-naeth “Necklace of the Woe of Thingol” in Silmarillion notes from the late 1950s (WJ/258).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. fring “carcanet, necklace” (GL/59), an element in the early name G. Nauglafring “Necklace of the Dwarves” (LT2/221). ᴱN. fring “necklace” reappeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/143), but in Silmarillion drafts of the 1930s the “Necklace of the Dwarves” was renamed to Nauglamír (SM/135), a name it retained thereafter (S/114). The element mîr in the later name means “jewel” (Ety/MIR; LotR/1115), and Tolkien coined a new word sigil for “necklace” in the 1950s, as noted above.

Element in

Variations

  • Sigil ✧ WJ/258

gorthrim

noun. the dead

Sindarin [[Raith >] Fui 'Ngorthrim RC/526] Group: SINDICT. Published by

û

interjection. no

adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:144] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

gorth

noun. a dead person

Sindarin [[Raith >] Fui 'Ngorthrim RC/526, gyrth Letters/4] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ú

prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)

Sindarin [WJ/369, LotR/A(v)] Group: SINDICT. Published by

baw

interjection. no, don't!

Sindarin [WJ/371] Group: SINDICT. Published by

firin

mortal

?firin. No distinct pl. form.

firin

mortal

. No distinct pl. form.

fair

mortal man

(fír-), pl. fîr, coll. pl. firiath. Archaic sg. feir (WJ:387). Wheareas the above-mentioned terms are apparently gender-neutral, the following are gender-specific:

firieth

mortal woman

(pl. firith).

fíreb

mortal

(adj. and noun) fíreb (pl. fírib), coll. pl. firebrim. The literal meaning is "apt to die" (WJ:387).

fíreb

mortal

(pl. fírib), coll. pl. firebrim. The literal meaning is "apt to die" (WJ:387).

sigil

necklace

sigil (i higil, o sigil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sigil), coll. pl. sigiliath. (WJ:258) Note: a homophone means ”knife, dagger”.

sigil

necklace

(i higil, o sigil), no distinct pl. form except with article (i sigil), coll. pl. sigiliath. (WJ:258) Note: a homophone means ”knife, dagger”.

baw!

no

! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix

baw!

no

(don’t!) Prefix

no, not

also ú

gorth

dead

(adj.) 1) gorth (lenited ngorth; pl. gyrth), also fern, pl. firn. These adjectives may also be used as nouns ”dead person(s)”. According to LR:381 s.v. _