úmëa (2) adj. "evil" (UGU/UMU). Obsoleted by #1 above? Possibly connected to úmëai in Narqelion, if that is a "Qenya" plural form.
Quenya
naxa
adjective. evil
naxa
noun/adjective. evil
Element in
- Q. carë mára quí tyarë naxa “doing good may cause evil” ✧ PE22/154
Variations
- naxa ✧ PE22/154
ulco
evil
ulco
noun. evil
Derivations
- √UK “nasty”
Element in
úmëa
evil
úro
evil
úro noun "evil" (VT43:24); Tolkien may have abandoned this form in favour of ulco, q.v.
úra
evil, nasty
úra (1) adj. "evil, nasty" (VT43:24, VT48:32)
hrú(y)a
adjective. evil, wicked
Cognates
- S. rhû “evil, wicked” ✧ PE17/170
Derivations
- √SRUG “*evil, wicked” ✧ PE17/170
Element in
- Q. hru- “evil-” ✧ PE17/170
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √S-RŪGU > hrúa [srūga] > [r̥ūɣa] > [r̥ūga] > [r̥ūa] ✧ PE17/170 Variations
- hrúa ✧ PE17/170
- hrúya ✧ PE17/170
naicea
adjective. cruel
nwalca
cruel
nwalca ("k")adj. "cruel" (ÑGWAL; this must represent earlier *ñwalca = *ngwalca; these forms are not given in Etym, but compare nwalmë_ below. In Tengwar writing, the initial NW would be represented by the letter nwalmë.)_
úro
noun. *evil, nastiness
Element in
- Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/24
Elements
Word Gloss úra “nasty”
olca
evil, bad, wicked
olca adj. "evil, bad, wicked" (VT43:23-24, VT48:32, VT49:14, PE17:149). The root meaning implies "wickedness as well as badness or lack of worth" (PE17:170). Variant of ulca.
ulca
evil, bad, wicked, wrong
ulca adj. "evil, bad, wicked, wrong" (QL:97, VT43:23-24, VT48:32, VT49:14; compounded in henulca "evileyed", SD:68); variant olca, q.v. Compare noun ulco. The adj. ulca may also itself be used as a noun "evil", as in the ablative form ulcallo "from evil" (VT43:8, 10) and the sentence cé mo quetë ulca *"if one speaks evil" (VT49:19).
morĭ
adjective. dark
PQ. dark
ulca
adjective. dark
dark, gloomy, sinister
ulca
adjective. evil; dark, gloomy, sinister, evil; dark, gloomy, sinister; [ᴱQ.] bad, wicked, wrong
This is one of two later words Tolkien consider for “evil”; the other is Q. olca < √OKO. Of the two, ulca has the longer conceptual history, dating back to early Quenya (QL/97). Both words have the same Sindarin cognate, S. ogol.
Ulca has two attested late derivations. One is from the root √UK (PE17/149), listed as a possible replacement of √OKO, but Tolkien marked this derivation as uncertain. Another derivation is ✶ū “not” + KAL “light” = ✶uk’la “gloom, gloomy” (PE18/88), an example of abnormal vocalization. If this second derivation is accepted, ulca could have later developed the senses “sinister, evil” either due to the “bad” connotations of Q. ú- or perhaps by influence of Q. olca. If so, it may have even supplanted olca as the general word for “evil” as it appears to have done in Tolkien’s later writings.
Cognates
- S. ogol “bad, evil, wrong; gloom(y)” ✧ PE17/149; PE18/088
Derivations
Element in
- Q. cé mo quetë ulca “*if one speaks evil” ✧ VT49/19
- Q. epetai i hyarma ú ten ulca símaryassen “consequently the left hand was not to them evil in their imaginations” ✧ VT49/14
- ᴹQ. henulca “*evil-eyed”
- Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/23
- ᴺQ. ulcarindo “evil-doer”
- ᴺQ. ulquet- “to accuse”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶UKLA > ulca [ukla] > [ulka] ✧ PE17/149 ✶ū̆k’la > ulka [ukla] > [ulka] ✧ PE18/088 ✶ū̆k’lā > ulka [uklā] > [ulkā] > [ulka] ✧ VT43/24 ✶ukla > ulca [ukla] > [ulka] ✧ VT48/32 Variations
- ulka ✧ PE18/088; VT43/24
úmara
adjective. bad, ill-used, evil, sinister
Element in
- Q. epetai i hyarma ú ten ulca símaryassen “consequently the left hand was not to them evil in their imaginations” ✧ VT49/15
- Q. úmárë “not good = evil”
lóna
dark
?lóna (4) adj. "dark" (DO3/DŌ). If this is to be the cognate of "Noldorin"/Sindarin dûr, as the context seems to indicate, lóna is likely a misreading for *lóra in Tolkien's manuscript.
lúna
dark
lúna adj. *"dark" in Lúnaturco and Taras Lúna, Quenya names of Barad-dûr (Dark Tower). (PE17:22). In the Etymologies, lúnë "blue" was changed by Tolkien from lúna (VT45:29).
mori-
dark, black
mori- "dark, black" in a number of compounds (independent form morë, q.v.):Morimando "Dark Mando" = Mandos (MBAD, VT45:33), morimaitë "black-handed" (LotR3:VI ch. 6, VT49:42). Moriquendi "Dark Elves" (SA:mor, WJ:361, 373), Moringotto "Black Foe", Sindarin Morgoth, later name of Melkor. The oldest form is said to have been Moriñgotho (MR:194). In late material, Tolkien is seen to consider both Moringotto and Moricotto _("k") _as the Quenya form of the name Morgoth (VT49:24-25; Moricotto also appears in the ablative, Moricottollo). Morion "the dark one", a title of Morgoth (FS). Morifinwë "dark Finwë", masc. name; he was called Caranthir in Sindarin (short Quenya name Moryo). (PM:353) In the name Morinehtar, translated "Darkness-slayer", the initial element is defined would thus seem to signify "darkness" rather than "dark" as an adjective (see mórë). (PM:384, 385)
móri
dark
móri adj. "dark" (MC:221; this is "Qenya"; in Tolkien's later Quenya mórë, morë)
nulla
dark, dusky, obscure
nulla adj. "dark, dusky, obscure" (NDUL), "secret" (DUL). See also VT45:11.
núla
dark, occult, mysterious
núla ("ñ")adj. "dark, occult, mysterious" (PE17:125)
hróva
dark, dark brown
hróva adj. "dark, dark brown", used to refer to hair (PE17:154)
lúrëa
dark, overcast
lúrëa adj. "dark, overcast" (LT1:259)
sára
bitter
sára (1) adj. "bitter" (SAG)
morna
dark, black
morna adj. "dark, black" (Letters:282, LT1:261; also used of black hair, PE17:154), or "gloomy, sombre" (MOR). Used as noun in the phrase mi…morna of someone clad "in…black" (PE17:71). In tumbalemorna (Letters:282), q.v. Pl. mornë in Markirya**(the first version of this poem had "green rocks", MC:215, changed to ondolisse mornë** "upon dark rocks" in the final version; see MC:220, note 8).
saura
adjective. cruel, evil, vile; stinking, foul; bad, unhealthy, ill, wretched, stinking, foul, [ᴹQ.] evil-smelling, putrid; [Q.] cruel, evil, vile; [Q.] bad, unhealthy, ill, wretched
Changes
- saura → Saura “foul, vile” ✧ PE17/184
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √ÞAW > saura [tʰaura] > [θaura] > [saura] ✧ PE17/068 √SAWA > saura [saura] ✧ PE17/172 √SAWA > saura [saura] ✧ PE17/183 √THAW > Saura [tʰaura] > [θaura] > [saura] ✧ PE17/184 Variations
- Saura ✧ PE17/184
ú-
prefix. bad, uneasy, hard
urra
adjective. bad
Changes
unca→ urra “bad” ✧ PE22/168Derivations
- √UG “dislike”
Element in
- Q. umbë nin i hríve nauva urra (si loa) “I have a feeling that winter will be bad (this year)” ✧ PE22/168
Variations
- unca ✧ PE22/168 (
unca)
urra
adjective. nasty, bad
úra
adjective. nasty
Changes
úra→ úro “*evil” ✧ VT43/24Derivations
- √UG “dislike” ✧ VT43/24
Element in
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √UG > úra [ugra] > [uɣra] > [ūra] ✧ VT43/24 Variations
- úra ✧ VT43/24 (
úra); VT43/24
ulco (stem #ulcu-) noun "evil", pl. *ulqui (VT43:23-24; the stem-form is attested in the ablative case: ulcullo "from evil", VT43:12)