hróna

eastern

hróna adj. "eastern" (PE17:18), apparently a variant of róna, q.v. (itself not clearly glossed).

orróna

eastern

orróna adj. "eastern" (PE17:18)

rómenya

eastern

rómenya adj. "eastern" (RŌ)

orróna

adjective. eastern

Variations

• orrōna ✧ PE17/018

Ambaróna

eastern (land)

Ambaróna place-name "Eastern (land)", possibly basically an adjectival form Ambarónë "uprising, sunrise, Orient" _(LotR2:III ch. 4; PE17:82, compare the Etymologies, entry AM2)_

ambaróna

place name. Eastern (Land)

An older name of Fangorn forest (LotR/469), translated “Eastern (Land)” (PE17/82). It is an adjectival form of ambarónë “dawn”, so it meant “of the dawn, Eastern” (PE17/82), much as andúnë “sunset” was also used for “West”. The sense of “land” in the name was understood rather than explicit (PE17/91). Perhaps this name referred to the fact that Fangorn was far to the east of the forests of Beleriand, which the Ents also visited (LotR/469).

Cognates

• S. amrûn “sunrise, east, (lit.) of the uprising” ✧ PE17/091

Elements

Word	Gloss
ambarónë	“dawn, dawn; [ᴹQ.] uprising, sunrise, Orient”

órëa

of the dawn, eastern

órëa adj. "of the dawn, Eastern" (LT1:264)

(h)róna

adjective. eastern, east

Element in

• Q. Ambaróna “Eastern (Land)” ✧ RC/385
• Q. ambarónë “dawn, dawn; [ᴹQ.] uprising, sunrise, Orient”
• Q. Hrónatani “*Easterlings” ✧ PE17/018

Variations

• hrōna ✧ PE17/018
• róna ✧ RC/385

rómen

east

rómen, Rómen noun "east" (RŌ, MEN, SA:men), "uprising, sunrise, east" (SA:rómen); also name of tengwa #25 (Appendix E). Possessive form rómenwa (PE17:59).Variant hrómen, PE17:18. Rómenna, a place in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative "eastward" (SA:rómen), cf. also rómenna in LR:47, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "[to one] from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those from the East" in his rendering of Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67, PE17:59; Romello with a short o in VT49:32). Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" (Appendix A; cf. Letters:425). Masc. name Rómestámo, Róme(n)star "East-helper" (PM:384, 391; probably ?Rómenstar must always become Rómestar, but Tolkien cited the form as Róme(n)star to indicate the connection with rómen "east")

Ambalar

east

Ambalar noun "East" (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

Rómë

east

Rómë noun "east", variant of Rómen (PE17:59). Possessive romeva (read rómeva?), genitive rómeö (Ibid.)

hró-

prefix. east

hróme(n)

noun. east

hrómen

east

hrómen noun "east", variant of the more common Rómen, q.v. (PE17:18)

róme

noun. east

róna

east

róna adj.? "east" (RŌ). Compare hróna.

róna

adjective. east

rhúnen

adjective. eastern

Element in

• S. Talath Rhúnen “East Vale” ✧ SA/rómen; SI/Talath Rhúnen

Elements

Word	Gloss
rhûn	“east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising”
-en	“adjective suffix”

Variations

• Rhúnen ✧ SA/rómen; SI/Talath Rhúnen

rhúnen

adjective. eastern

rhûn

noun. east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising

The Sindarin word for “east”, cognate of Q. rómen (LotR/1116, 1123). It was ultimately derived from the root √RŌ/ORO “rise” (Ety/RŌ), and so likely originally meant “rising” as in “rising sun” (PE22/35).

Conceptual Development: The word N. rhûn “east” appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s along with ᴹQ. rómen, both derived from ᴹ√RŌ (Ety/RŌ). At the time, there were no problems with this equivalence, since [[n|initial [r] was unvoiced]] in Noldorin. Tolkien went on to use both these forms in The Lord of the Rings.

Unfortunately, Tolkien later abandoned the unvoicing of initial r in Sindarin, making these two forms problematic. Tolkien considered modifying the Sindarin form to rûn (PE17/88) or the Quenya form to hrómen (PE17/18). The latter was probably derived from an s-strengthened form of the root ᴹ√SRŌ (PE22/127), where the initial sr- would become voiceless [r] in both Quenya and Sindarin. Ultimately, though, he left both forms alone. Perhaps he decided the s-strengthening of the root was a Sindarin-only variant.

Cognates

• Q. rómen “east, uprising, sunrise” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/074; PE17/088; SA/rómen

Derivations

• √(S)RŌ “east”

Element in

• S. amrûn “sunrise, east, (lit.) of the uprising” ✧ PE17/122
• S. Rhudaur “?East Forest”
• S. Rhûn “East”
• S. Rhúnedain “*Easterlings” ✧ PE17/018
• S. rhúnen “eastern” ✧ SA/rómen
• S. Rúnavar ✧ PE17/139
• S. Rúnedhel ✧ PE17/141
• S. Rúneglon

Variations

• Rhûn ✧ PE17/074
• rûn ✧ PE17/088
• rún ✧ PE17/139; PE17/141

rhûn

place name. East

The great inland sea of the East (LotR/1045), which is simply rhûn “east” used as a name.

Conceptual Development: On draft maps for the Lord of the Rings from the 1940s, this name was N. Rhûnaer “Eastern Sea” (TI/307), also appearing as Rúnaer >> Rhúnaer in drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/198). A similar form N. Rúnaeluin appears in the drafts of the final chapters of the Lord of the Rings, and might be a variation of this name (SD/65, 71 note #9).

Elements

Word	Gloss
rhûn	“east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising”

amrûn

noun. east

_n. _east. Q. orrō uprising, sunrise, east. >> rhûn

rhuven

noun. east

rhûn

noun. east

rhûn

noun. east

n. east. Q. hrō- uprising, sunrise, east. >> amrûn

rûn

noun. east

n. #east. Q. rómen.

rûn

noun. east

amrûn

noun. east, orient

rhunen

eastern

rhunen (lenited ?thrunen or ?runen the lenition product of rh- is uncertain), pl. rhúnin

rhunen

eastern

(lenited ?thrunen or ?runen – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain)*, pl. rhúnin

rhu

east

*(as in Rhudaur ”Eastwood”, name of a realm: rhu- + taur ”wood”)*.

rhûn

east

(?na Thrûn) (maybe primarily ”the East” as a region), also amrûn (sunrise, orient, uprising). The term ✱Rhúven (?na Thrúven) is maybe primarily ”east” as a direction; the final element means ”way”. This word is spelt ”rhufen” in the source (LR:384 s.v. RŌ), but it would seem that f here represents v. –

azûl

noun. east

A noun for “east” attested only in the prepositional phrase azûlada “eastward, ✱to the east” = azûl + -ada “to(ward)” (SD/247, 312).

Element in

• Ad. balîk hazad an-Nimruzîr azûlada “seven ships of Elendil [went] eastward” ✧ SD/247
• Ad. Adūnāim azūlada “The Adunai (Men of W.) eastward” ✧ SD/312

Variations

• azūl ✧ SD/247; SD/312

anazûli

adjective. eastern

A reconstruction; cp. #azûl "east" and anadûni "western" (SD/426, 435).

(s)rō Reconstructed

root. east

Derivatives

• Q. ro- “uprising, sunrise, east”
• S. rhûn “east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising”

Elements

Word	Gloss
RŌ/ORO	“up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising”

rhûn

noun. east, eastern; †rising

Cognates

• ᴹQ. róna “east” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Derivations

• On. rōna “east” ✧ Ety/RŌ
  • ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Element in

• N. amrûn “uprising, sunrise, Orient, east” ✧ Ety/RŌ; PE22/035
• N. Elrûn “*East-star” ✧ Ety/RŌ
• N. Rhûnaer “Eastern Sea” ✧ TI/307

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. rōna > rhûn	[rōna] > [rūna] > [rūn] > [r̥ūn]	✧ Ety/RŌ

Variations

• rhūn ✧ PE22/035
• Rhûn ✧ TI/307; TI/434

rhufen

adjective. east

Cognates

• ᴹQ. rómen “east” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Derivations

• ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√RŌ > rhufen	[rōmena] > [rūmena] > [rūmen] > [r̥ūmen] > [r̥umen] > [r̥uven]	✧ Ety/RŌ

rhufen

noun. east

rhûn

noun. east

amrûn

noun. east, orient