lelya- (3) vb. "appear, of beautiful things, hence attract, enchant (with dative)", pa.t. lélinë (PE17:151)
Quenya
arya
adjective. excelling, *better, *best [with definite article + genitive], excelling, *better, *best [with definite article + genitive]; [ᴺQ.] *prefer [with dative]
lelya-
verb. appear, of beautiful things, hence attract, enchant (with dative)
nwar-
verb. to fret, wear away, to fret, wear away, [ᴹQ.] erode; *worry about [with reflexive + dative]; [ᴹQ.] to gnaw
A verb that appeared in both the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) of the 1940s and the Outline of Phonology (OP2) of the 1950s, respectively as [ᴹQ.] ñwara- “gnaw, erode, wear away” (OP1: PE19/36) and ñware “frets, wears away” (OP2: PE19/76), in both cases as an example of the development of the initial nasalized-stop ñgw becoming a simple nasal nw.
Conceptual Development: Given the 1930s gloss “gnaw”, Tolkien may have initially felt that this form was related to (and perhaps replaced) ᴹ√NYAD “gnaw” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/NYAD). The “gnaw” sense seems to have been abandoned by the 1950s.
Neo-Quenya: I would ignore the 1930s gloss “gnaw”, and just use nwar- for “fret, wear away, erode”. In a post to the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS) on 2024-04-21, Luinyelle and Parmandil suggested it might also be used to mean “worry about” in combination with a reflexive + dative, as in nwarin imne i orcoin “I worry about the orcs, (lit.) I fret myself on the orcs”.
-n
suffix. dative suffix
lelya-
verb. to appear (of beautiful things); to attract, enchant (with dative)
rasta-
verb. to guide (with allative); to explain (with dative); (lit.) to make find a way
A neologism for “guide, explain” coined by Luinyelle posted on 2025-01-26 in the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), a causative verb derived from RAT “find a way”, so more literally “to make find a way”. It has the sense “guide” when used with the allative: rastan tye Arcimbelenna “I guide you to Rivendell”. It has the sense “explain” when used with the dative: rastan tye nótengolmen “I explain mathematics to you; (lit.) I guide you about mathematics”.
hyalta-
verb. to strike, make ring; [with dative] make a phone call to, ring
-nna
to
-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of -nă "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).
ana
to
ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_
-nna
to, at, upon
-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.
na
to, towards
na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).
nem-
verb. appear, seem
A word Tolkien said “functions as comparative ... of mára” in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957, derived from the root √AR “good, excellent, noble”, a root whose precise sense is “good of its kind, excels” (PE17/147). In somewhat later notes, arya was glossed “excelling”, again as a comparative of mára, hence also meaning “✱better” (PE17/57). Tolkien also gave a formula for a superlative “✱best” when used in combination with the definite article i and the genitive, as in i arya atanion “the best of men, (lit.) the [most] excelling of men”.
Neo-Quenya: In a post from 2024-08-14 on the Vinyë Lambengolmor Discord Server (VLDS), Vyacheslav Stepanov suggested arya might express “prefer” when used in combination with the dative, as in nás arya nin “I prefer it, (lit.) it is better for me”, analogous to nás mára nin “I like it, (lit.) it is good for me”.