Quenya 

cen

noun. sight, sight, *sense of sight

Element in

  • Q. apacen “foresight, *(lit.) after-sight”
  • ᴺQ. hrúcen “envy, (lit.) evil-sight”
  • ᴺQ. cellóra “blind, sightless”
  • ᴺQ. cenenca “blind, sightless”
  • ᴺQ. palancen “television, (lit.) far-sight”
  • Q. Palacendo “*Far sighted one”
  • ᴺQ. sennacénëa “short-sighted”
  • ᴺQ. sintacénëa “short-sighted”
  • Q. tercen “insight, *(lit.) through-sight” ✧ MR/230

Elements

WordGloss
cen-“to see, behold, look, to see, behold, look, *perceive”

cen-

see, behold

cen- ("k")vb. "see, behold", future tense cenuva ("kenuva") "shall see" in Markirya. Imperative cena ("k"), VT47:31.Also #cen = noun "sight" as the final element of some nouns (*apacen, tercen, q.v.) Compare the root KHEN-, KEN-, KYEN- "look at, see, observe, direct gaze" (VT45:21)

cenya

verb. see, perceive

Quenya [PE 22:103, 115; PE 22:155] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

a-

see

a- (2) a prefix occurring in the Markirya poem (Tolkien first used na-, then changed it). It may be prefixed to verbal stems following a noun that is the object of sense-verbs like "see" and "hear" when the verb it is prefixed to describes what happens to this noun, as in man cenuva lumbor ahosta[?] (changed from na-hosta), "who shall see the clouds gather?" (hosta = "gather").

véla

verb. see

véla (2) vb. "see" (Arct); present/continuative tense of a verbal stem #vel-? The context of the sentence where it occurs ("till I see you next") suggests that this is "see" in the sense of "meet".

>> yomenië

can-

cardinal. four

can- (1) (prefix)("k") "four" (KÁNAT)

canta

cardinal. four

canta (1) ("k") cardinal "four" (KÁNAT, VT42:24, VT48:6). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, this word was cited with a final hyphen (as if it were a verb), but the hyphen does not actually appear in Tolkien's manuscript (VT45:19). Ordinal cantëa ("k") "fourth" (VT42:25) Compare cantil.

canta

cardinal. four

Cognates

  • S. canad “four” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
  • T. canat “four” ✧ VT42/24; VT48/06

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
kanatā > kanta[kanatā] > [kantā] > [kanta]✧ VT42/24

Variations

  • can-ta ✧ PE17/095
  • kanta ✧ VT42/24; VT48/06
Quenya [PE17/095; VT42/24; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tunta-

see, notice, perceive

tunta- "see, notice, perceive", pa.t. túne (QL:95)

cénë

noun. sight

Elements

WordGloss
cen-“to see, behold, look, to see, behold, look, *perceive”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Sindarin 

cened

ordinal. four

cened

noun. looking, looking, *seeing

Element in

  • S. cenedril “mirror, looking-glass, (lit.) looking-crystal” ✧ PE17/037

Elements

WordGloss
cen-“to see, perceive, look”
-ed“gerund”

Variations

  • Cened ✧ PE17/037 (Cened)
Sindarin [PE17/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

canad

cardinal. four

Sindarin [Ety/362, VT/42:24,25, VT/48:6, VT/46:3] Group: SINDICT. Published by

canad

cardinal. four

Cognates

  • Q. canta “four” ✧ PE17/095; VT48/06
  • T. canat “four” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/41

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
kanata > canad[kanata] > [kanat] > [kanad]✧ VT42/24
KENET > cened[kenet] > [kened]✧ VT47/41

Variations

  • can(ad ✧ PE17/095
  • cened ✧ VT47/41
Sindarin [PE17/095; VT42/24; VT42/25; VT47/41; VT48/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tíra-

verb. to see

Sindarin [tírad SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tírad

gerund noun. to see, for the seing

Sindarin [SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cened

seeing

(i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.

cened

sight

#cened (i gened) (seeing), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see MIRROR.

cened

sight

(i gened) (seeing), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see

cen

verb. see

cen- (i gên, i chenir), also tíra- (i díra, i thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”. SEEING #cened (i gened) (sight), pl. cenid (i chenid) if there is a pl. Isolated from cenedril, see mirror, SEEING STONE *gwachaedir (*i 'wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186)

cen

see

(i** gên, i** chenir), also tíra- (i** díra, i** thírar), the latter rather meaning “watch”.

canad

cardinal. four

canad;

canad

four

;

gwachaedir

seeing stone

(i ’wachaedir) (palantír), no distinct pl. form. except with article (in gwachaedir); coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch (PM:186) ****

canath

fourth part

(i ganath, o chanath) (farthing), pl. cenaith (i chenaith). As coin, the fourth part of the more valuable coin called mirian. (PM:45)

cannui

fourth

. The reading in VT42:25  is "canthui", but the phonology presupposed in LotR would require ✱cannui. David Salo regards "canthui" as a dialectal form.

tîr

looking

(noun) tîr (i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (view, glance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)

tîr

looking

(i dîr, also -dir at the end of compounds) (view, glance), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thîr), coll. pl. tíriath. Note: a homophone means ”straight, right” (adj.)

Telerin 

canat

cardinal. four

Cognates

  • Q. canta “four” ✧ VT42/24; VT48/06
  • S. canad “four” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/41

Derivations

Variations

  • cenet ✧ VT47/41
Telerin [VT42/24; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/21] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

kanat

root. four

This root was established as the basis for “four” very early, though the earliest known Elvish word for “four” was actually ᴱQ. nelde from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/65), which became “three” later on (PE14/49). In the Gnomish Lexicon written soon after, the Gnomish word for “four” was G. cant (GL/25), and by the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s, the Qenya word likewise became ᴱQ. kanta “four” (PE14/49, 82). The Quenya word kept this form thereafter, and the Noldorin form became N. canad in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where the root ᴹ√KANAT “four” explicitly appeared for the first time (Ety/KÁNAT). The words and root for “four” remained the same thereafter (VT42/24-26; VT47/15-16; VT48/10), with occasional minor (and transient) variations such as √KENET (VT47/41).

Derivatives

Element in

Variations

  • kan-at ✧ VT42/24; VT47/12; VT47/15; VT48/10
  • KAN ✧ VT42/26
  • kanat ✧ VT47/16; VT47/16
  • KENET ✧ VT47/41
Primitive elvish [VT42/24; VT42/26; VT47/12; VT47/15; VT47/16; VT47/41; VT48/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kanatā

cardinal. four

Derivations

Derivatives

  • Q. canta “four” ✧ VT42/24
  • S. canad “four” ✧ VT42/24
  • T. canat “four” ✧ VT42/24

Element in

Variations

  • kanta ✧ PE21/74
  • kanata ✧ VT42/24
Primitive elvish [PE21/74; VT42/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tirlā

adjective. looking

Derivations

  • TIR “watch (over), look at, observe, gaze at, watch (over), look at, observe, gaze at; [ᴹ√] guard”

Element in

  • Q. cilintilla “looking-glass, looking-glass, *mirror” ✧ PE17/037

Variations

  • -tirlā ✧ PE17/037
Primitive elvish [PE17/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

cened

gerund noun. seeing, sight

Noldorin [cenedril TI/184] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cen-

verb. to see

Noldorin [cenedril TI/184] Group: SINDICT. Published by

canad

cardinal. four

Noldorin [Ety/362, VT/42:24,25, VT/48:6, VT/46:3] Group: SINDICT. Published by

canad

cardinal. four

Changes

  • canathcanad ✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kanta “four” ✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KANAT “four” ✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KÁNAT > canad[kanata] > [kanat] > [kanad]✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Variations

  • canath ✧ EtyAC/NEL (canath)
Noldorin [Ety/KÁNAT; Ety/NEL; EtyAC/NEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

canath

cardinal. four

Noldorin [Ety/362, VT/42:24,25, VT/48:6, VT/46:3] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Westron

tharan Reconstructed

cardinal. four

Element in

Qenya 

kanta

cardinal. four

Cognates

  • N. canad “four” ✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KANAT “four” ✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KÁNAT > kanta[kanata] > [kanta]✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Variations

  • kanta ✧ Ety/KÁNAT
  • kanta- ✧ EtyAC/KÁNAT
Qenya [Ety/KÁNAT; EtyAC/KÁNAT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

kanat

root. four

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. kanta “four” ✧ Ety/KÁNAT
  • N. canad “four” ✧ Ety/KÁNAT

Variations

  • KÁNAT ✧ Ety/KÁNAT
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KÁNAT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

cant

cardinal. four

Cognates

Element in

Early Quenya

kanta

cardinal. four

Cognates

Element in

  • Eq. kantasto “quarter, one fourth” ✧ PE14/049; PE14/082
  • Eq. kankea “fourteen” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. kankaiya “fourteenth” ✧ PE14/082
  • Eq. kantallume “*four times” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. kanya “fourth” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. kan “four times” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. kan(ta)kainen “forty” ✧ PE14/049
  • Eq. kantóre “quadrillion”
  • Eq. kantóra “*four million” ✧ PE14/049
Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/082; PE16/142] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lasta

noun. sight

Cognates

  • G. last “look, glance, flash of the eye”

Element in

Early Quenya [PE15/77] Group: Eldamo. Published by