hranga

awkward, hard

hranga (2) adj. "awkward, hard" (PE17:154), "stiff, awkward, difficult" (PE17:185)

hraia

awkward, difficult

hraia adj. "awkward, difficult" (PE17:154), ephemerally meant "easy" (PE17:172)

hrai

adjective. awkward, difficult, stiff

hrai(a)

adjective. awkward, difficult, stiff

Derivations

• √SRAG “awkward, awry; hard, (very) difficult” ✧ PE17/154; PE17/172; PE17/185

Element in

• Q. hrainote “*hard to count”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SRAG > hraia	[sraia] > [r̥aia]	✧ PE17/154
√SRA-G > hraia	[sraia] > [r̥aia]	✧ PE17/172
√SRAGA > hrai	[srai] > [r̥ai]	✧ PE17/185

Variations

• hraia ✧ PE17/154; PE17/172 (hraia)
• hrai ✧ PE17/185

hranga

adjective. awkward, difficult, stiff, hard

Cognates

• S. rhanc “awkward, hard” ✧ PE17/154

Derivations

• √SRAG “awkward, awry; hard, (very) difficult” ✧ PE17/154; PE17/172; PE17/185

Element in

• ᴺQ. hrangwë “problem, difficulty”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SRAG > hranga	[sraŋga] > [r̥aŋga]	✧ PE17/154
√SRA-G > hranga	[sraŋga] > [r̥aŋga]	✧ PE17/172
√SRA-G > hranya	[sranja] > [r̥anja]	✧ PE17/172
√SRAGA > hranga	[sraŋga] > [r̥aŋga]	✧ PE17/185

Variations

• hrane ✧ PE17/172 (hrane)
• hranya ✧ PE17/172 (hranya)

auqua

adjective. awkward, clumsy (of things), difficult

Cognates

• ᴺS. gaug “clumsy; left (hand)”

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. GAWAK “clumsy”

rhanc

adjective. awkward, hard

Cognates

• Q. hranga “awkward, difficult, stiff, hard” ✧ PE17/154

Derivations

• √SRAG “awkward, awry; hard, (very) difficult” ✧ PE17/154

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√SRAK > rhanc	[sraŋka] > [r̥aŋka] > [r̥raŋkʰa] > [r̥aŋxa] > [r̥aŋx] > [r̥aŋk]	✧ PE17/154

balch

adjective. fierce

_ adj. _fierce, ferocious. In S. gwal < bal which coalesced in form with BAL 'have power'.

braig

fierce

braig (wild), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)

braig

fierce

(wild), lenited vraig. No distinct pl. form. (VT45:34)

srag

root. awkward, awry; hard, (very) difficult

The unglossed root ᴹ√RAG appeared in The Etymologies with the derivative ᴹ✶ragnā > N. rhaen “crooked” (Ety/RAG). A similar root √SRA-G “awry” appeared in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 as a replacement/reversal of the root √SRA, SRAYA “easy, pliant, moving with ease”, with the sense “easy” apparently transferred to √AÞA (PE17/172). The page where √SRA-G initially appeared was ultimately rejected, but √SRAG appeared again in DLN with variant √SRAK among a list of roots all meaning “hard, difficult” (PE17/154). In the later list it had derivatives like Q. hraia “awkward, difficult”, Q. hranga “awkward, hard” and Q. hranga- “thwart”, along with S. rhanc “awkward, hard” derived from the variant √SRAK (PE17/154). In another set of notes from 1959 Tolkien mentioned the root √SRĀ or √SRAGA “awkward, very difficult” with derivatives Q. hrai/Q. hranga “stiff, awkward, difficult” (PE17/185).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I would transferred 1930s N. rhaen “crooked” to √SRAG “awkward, difficult”.

Derivatives

• Q. arra “[unglossed]” ✧ PE17/172
• Q. hrai- “hard, *difficult” ✧ PE17/154
• Q. hrai(a) “awkward, difficult, stiff” ✧ PE17/154; PE17/172; PE17/185
• Q. hranga “awkward, difficult, stiff, hard” ✧ PE17/154; PE17/172; PE17/185
• Q. hranga- “to thwart” ✧ PE17/154
• ᴺS. rhaen “crooked”
• S. rhanc “awkward, hard” ✧ PE17/154

Variations

• SRAK ✧ PE17/154; PE17/185
• SRĀ ✧ PE17/158; PE17/185
• SRAGA ✧ PE17/158; PE17/185
• SRA-G ✧ PE17/172 (SRA-G); PE17/185