Quenya 

ava-

without

ava- (3) prefix "without" (AR2, AWA). In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" (q.v.)

ava-

not to be said, that must not be said

ava- (2) prefix indicating something forbidden: avaquétima "not to be said, that must not be said", avanyárima "not to be told or related" (WJ:370)

ava-

was not

ava- (4) vb with pa.t. avanë. This verb is not clearly glossed; apparently meaning refuse or prohibit(WJ:370). Cf. áva, Avamanyar. What is seems to be more or less the same verb has its principal tenses listed (with the ending -n "I") in VT49:13: aorist avan, present ávan (ávëan), future auvan for older avuvan, past avanen or auvan, perfect avávien. In one version of the paradigm, the present tense ávëan and past avanen are marked as archaic/poetic forms. One text seemingly uses the pa.t. aunë in the sense "was not", as a negative verb, but this may have been a short-lived idea of Tolkiens (the text was revised).

ava-

verb. refuse, forbid

Quenya [PE 22:162n, 163f] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ava-

verb. to refuse, forbid

Cognates

  • S. ava- “will not, do not”

Derivations

  • BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart” ✧ PE22/162; PE22/164; VT49/13
  • aba- “refuse, forbid” ✧ PE22/163; WJ/370
    • BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart” ✧ PE22/163; WJ/370

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ABA > avan[aban] > [aβan] > [avan]✧ PE22/162
aba- > ava-[aba-] > [aβa-] > [ava-]✧ PE22/163
ABA > avan[aban] > [aβan] > [avan]✧ PE22/164
ABA > ava-[aba-] > [aβa-] > [ava-]✧ VT49/13
aba- > ava-[aba-] > [aβa-] > [ava-]✧ WJ/370

Variations

  • ava- ✧ PE22/163; PE22/167; VT49/13; WJ/370
  • ava ✧ PE22/166
Quenya [PE22/162; PE22/163; PE22/164; PE22/166; PE22/167; VT49/13; WJ/370] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ava-

prefix. negation (refusing or forbidden)

Cognates

  • T. aba- “not” ✧ WJ/370

Derivations

  • BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart” ✧ PE17/143; WJ/370

Element in

  • Q. avalatya- “to close, shut”
  • Q. avalerya- “to restrain, to deprive of liberty”
  • Q. Avamanyar “Elves who would not go to Aman” ✧ PE17/143; WJ/370
  • ᴺQ. avamat- “to fast, (lit.) refuse to eat”
  • Q. avanir “unwill”
  • Q. avanyárima “unspeakable, what one must not tell, not to be told or related” ✧ PE17/143; WJ/370
  • Q. avaquétima “not to be said, that must not be said” ✧ WJ/370
  • ᴺQ. avanut- “to untie”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ABA > ava[aba] > [aβa] > [ava]✧ PE17/143
ABA > ava-[aba] > [aβa] > [ava]✧ WJ/370

Variations

  • ava ✧ PE17/143
  • vá- ✧ PE17/143
  • ava- ✧ WJ/370
Quenya [PE17/143; WJ/370] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vá-

prefix. negation (refusing or forbidden)

avaquet-

refuse, forbid

avaquet- ("q")vb. "refuse, forbid" (KWET)

latya-

to open anything (so as to allow entry)

latya- (2) vb. "to open anything (so as to allow entry)" (PE17:159). Cf. the negated form avalatya *"un-open" = to "close"? (VT41:6). See ava- #3.

au-

without

au- (3) privative prefix, = "without" (AWA)

úva

will not

úva (1) vb. "will not", future tense of a negative verb (present/aorist tense úyë?) in Fíriel's Song. Compare #úva as the future tense of the negative verb ua- (q.v.) in a later source (PE17:144, where the verb is cited with a 1st person sg. ending: úvan).

avaquétima

not to be said, that must not be said

avaquétima adj. "not to be said, that must not be said" (WJ:370)

nec-

without, -less

nec- prefix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. -enca, q.v.

nec-

prefix. without

Derivations

  • NEK “divide, separate, part; deprive” ✧ PE17/167

Element in

  • ᴺQ. necermëa “insubstantial, immaterial”
  • ᴺQ. necestel “hopelessness, despair, desperation”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
NEK > nec-[nek-]✧ PE17/167

-enca

without, -less

-enca suffix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. nec-, q.v.

pen

without, not having

[pen prep. "without, not having" (PE17:171). Cf. Ú #1.]

ú

without, destitute of

ú (1) adv. and prep. "without, destitute of" (VT39:14). Usually followed by genitive: ú calo "without light" (cala). In one source, ú is seemingly also used as a negative verb "was not" (VT49:13), but Tolkien revised the text in question.