atta (1) cardinal "two" (AT(AT), Letters:427, VT42:26, 27, VT48:6, 19). Elen atta "two stars" (VT49:44); notice how a noun is indeclinable before this numeral, and any case endings are "singular" and added to the numeral rather than the noun, e.g. genitive elen atto "of two stars" (VT49:45). Attalyar "Bipeds" (sg. *Attalya) = Petty-dwarves (from Sindarin Tad-dail) (WJ:389). A word atta_ "again" was struck out; see the entry _TAT in Etym and cf. ata in this list.
Quenya
atta
across, over, lying from side to side
atta
cardinal. two
atta
cardinal. two
Cognates
Derivations
Element in
- Q. Atan “Man, (lit.) the Second (People)”
- Q. attalya “biped, *(lit.) two-footed”
- Q. attëa “second”
- ᴺQ. attië “group of two, couple, pair”
- ᴺQ. attindo “doubt, (lit.) two mind”
- Q. Attólamaitë “biconsonantal”
- Q. elen atto “of 2 stars” ✧ VT49/45
- Q. nai elen atta siluvat aurenna veryanwesto “*may two stars shine upon the day of your wedding” ✧ VT49/44; VT49/44
- Q. tatya “second”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶atata > atta [atata] > [atta] ✧ VT42/27 ✶atta > atta [atta] ✧ VT48/19
atta
atta
[atta, (3) variant of atto (VT48:19). The dual form attat was retained.]
arta
across, athwart
arta (4) prep. "across, athwart" (LT2:335), perhaps rather olla in Tolkiens later Quenya.
atar
father
atar noun "father" (SA; WJ:402, UT:193, LT1:255, VT43:37, VT44:12). According to the Etymologies (ATA) the pl. is atari, but contrast #atári in Atanatári "Fathers of Men" (q.v.); possibly the word behaves differently when compounded. Atarinya "my father" (LR:70), atar(inya) the form a child would use addressing his or her father, also reduced to atya (VT47:26). Diminutive masc. name Atarincë ("k") "Little father", amilessë (never used in narrative) of Curufinwë = Curufin (PM:353). Átaremma, Ataremma "our Father" as the first word of the Quenya translation of the Lord's Prayer, written before Tolkien changed -mm- as the marker of 1st person pl. exclusive to -lm-; notice -e- as a connecting vowel before the ending -mma "our". In some versions of the Lord's Prayer, including the final version, the initial a of atar "father" is lengthened, producing #átar. This may be a contraction of *a atar "o Father", or the vowel may be lengthened to give special emphasis to #Átar "Father" as a religious title (VT43:13). However, in VT44:12 Atar is also a vocative form referring to God, and yet the initial vowel remains short.
atar
noun. father
atar
noun. father
The Quenya word for “father”, derived from the root √AT(AR) (PM/324; WJ/402; VT48/19).
Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. atar “father” dates all the way back to the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, though in that document it was “a more solemn word ... usually to 1st Person of the Blessed Trinity”, as opposed to more ordinary ᴱQ. attu “father” (QL/33). In the English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s, ᴱQ. atar was the ordinary word for “father”, but with variant archaic form †attar (PE15/72). ᴹQ. atar “father” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√ATA of the same meaning (Ety/ATA). It appeared again in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s in various inflected forms (PE22/118-119). It continued to appear regularly in Tolkien’s later writings. Thus this word was established early and retained its form throughout Tolkien’s life with only minor variations.
Cognates
- S. adar “father” ✧ PM/324
Derivations
Element in
- Q. alcar i Ataren ar i Yondon ar i Airefëan “glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit” ✧ VT43/37
- Q. Atanatar “Father of Men” ✧ SA/atar
- Q. atar aranya “*royal father” ✧ UT/193
- Q. Átaremma i ëa han Eä “our Father who art in Heaven” ✧ VT43/13; VT43/13; VT43/13; VT43/13; VT43/13; VT43/13; VT43/13
- Q. Atarincë “Little Father”
- Q. Atar meneldëa Eru órava (o)messë “God the Father of Heaven, have mercy on us” ✧ VT44/16
- Q. atartil “thumb [nursery rhymes]”
- Q. atya “daddy, (my) father”
- Q. Ilquendatar “Father of All Quendi”
- Q. Ilúvatar “Father of All” ✧ SA/atar; WJ/402
- Q. Návatar “*Dwarf-father”
- ᴺQ. atartur “patriarch, (lit.) master-father”
Variations
- atar ✧ PM/324; SA/atar; UT/193; VT43/37; WJ/402
- Atar ✧ VT44/16
atto
father, daddy
atto noun "father, daddy" (hypocoristic)(ATA, LR:49), supposedly a word in "actual 'family' use" (VT47:26), also used in children's play for "thumb" and "big toe" (VT47:10, 26, VT48:4, 6). The dual form attat listed in VT48:19 seems to be formed from the alternative form atta, though attat was changed by Tolkien from attot. - Compare atya.
atto
noun. daddy, father (familiar/family)
A family or familiar word for a father, roughly equivalent to English words like “daddy” (VT47/10, 26; VT48/19), a simplified form based on the root √AT(AR) (VT48/19).
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s the familiar form was ᴱQ. atta, as opposed to the normal form for “father” which was ᴱQ. attu (QL/33), and likewise in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/33). In Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s, ᴱQ. atto or tatto was the ordinary word for “father” (PE16/135). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, ᴹQ. atto was a hypocoristic (familiar or pet name) for “father” derived from the root ᴹ√ATA “father” (Ety/ATA). Atto seems to be generally used as a familiar word in later writings, most notably in Tolkien’s notes on Elvish Hands, Fingers and Numerals from the late 1960s (see above).
Changes
atta→ atto “father (familiar/family)” ✧ VT48/19Cognates
Derivations
- √AT(AR) “father” ✧ VT48/19
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources √at/atar > atto [atto] ✧ VT48/19 Variations
- atta ✧ VT48/19 (
atta)
atya
daddy
atya (2) noun "daddy", supposedly a word in "actual 'family' use" (VT47:26, PE17:170), also used in children's play for "thumb" and "big toe" (VT47:10, 26, VT48:4, 6); reduction of at(an)ya "my father" (or, as explained in VT48:19, reduction of at-nya of similar meaning). Compare atto.
satto
cardinal. two
satto, "Qenya" numeral "two" (in Tolkiens later Quenya atta) (VT49:54)
ataryo
daddy
ataryo, also taryo (cited as (a)taryo), noun "daddy", also used as a name for the thumb in children's play, but Tolkien emended it to atto/atya (VT48:4). Compare atar "father".
(a)taryo
noun. daddy
Návatar
father
Návatar noun a title of Aulë referring to his position as the immediate author of the Dwarvish race, apparently including atar "father", but the first element cannot be related to any known term for "Dwarf" (PM:391 cf. 381)
intë
pronoun. they (emphatic)
Variations
- inte ✧ PE17/075; VT49/48
or
preposition. above, above, [ᴱQ.] upon; on
Cognates
- N. or “above, above; [G.] onto, on top, on”
Element in
- Q. ar i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa tennoio “and of the One who is above all thrones for ever” ✧ UT/305
- ᴺQ. oranar “noon, (lit.) above Sun”
- ᴺQ. orolanda “upland, plateau”
- ᴺQ. ortirmo “overseer”
- ᴺQ. ortur- “to overpower, conquer, prevail”
-o
of goodness
-o (1) genitive ending, as in Altariello, Oromëo, Elenna-nórëo, Rithil-Anamo, Rúmilo, Lestanórëo, neldëo, omentielvo, sindiëo, Valinórëo, veryanwesto, q.v. In words ending in -a, the genitive ending replaces this final vowel, hence atto, Ráno, Vardo, vorondo as the genitive forms of atta, Rána, Varda, voronda (q.v.) Following a noun in -ië, the ending can have the longer form -no, e.g. *máriéno "of goodness" (PE17:59, but contrast sindiëo "of greyness" in PE17:72). Where the word ends in -o already, the genitive is not distinct in form, e.g. ciryamo (q.v.) = "mariner" or "mariners". Pl. -ion and -ron, q.v.; dual -to (but possibly -uo in the case of nouns that have nominative dual forms in -u rather than -t). The Quenya genitive describes source, origin or former ownership rather than current ownership (which is rather covered by the possessive-adjectival case in -va). The ending -o may also take on an ablativic sense, "from", as in Oiolossëo "from (Mount) Oiolossë" (Nam), sio "hence" (VT49:18). In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the genitive ending was -n rather than -o, cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren "Annals of Valinor" becoming Yénië Valinórëo (MR:200).
atta (ata-) (4) prep. "across, over, lying from side to side" (VT49:32; it is not quite clear whether this is a Quenya word or not)