arin

morning

arin noun "morning" (AR1)

ari

beside the

ari, arin prep. *"beside the"? See ara.

arinya

morning

arinya adj. "morning" in the adjectival sense (e.g. *arinya árë "morning sun") and hence "early" (AR1, VT45:6)

ar-

outside

ar- (1) prefix "outside" (AR2), element meaning "beside" (VT42:17), "by" (PE17:169; in the same source the glosses "near, by, beside" were rejected). Cf. ara.

ara

outside, beside, besides

ara prep.(and adv.?) "outside, beside, besides" (AR2, VT49:57). According to VT45:6, the original glosses were "without, outside, beside", but Tolkien emended this. Arsë "he is out", VT49:23, 35, 36. As for ar(a), see ar #1. VT49:25 lists what seems to be ar(a) combined with various pronominal suffixes: Singular anni > arni "beside me", astyë "beside you" (informal), allë "besides you" (formal), arsë "beside him/her", plural anwë > armë "beside us" (exclusive), arwë "beside us" (inclusive), astë > ardë "beside you" (plural), astë > artë "beside them"; dual anwet > armet "beside us (two)". (Here Tolkien presupposes that ara represents original ada-.) The same source lists the unglossed forms ari, arin that may combine the preposition with the article, hence "beside the" (VT49:24-25)

ar(a)

preposition. beside, next [to]; out, beside, next [to], *by; out, [ᴹQ.] outside

Derivations

• ✶ad(a) “and, alongside” ✧ PE17/071
  • √AD(A) “by (the side of), beside, alongside; against, opposed to, opposite” ✧ PE17/071
• √AD(A) “by (the side of), beside, alongside; against, opposed to, opposite” ✧ PE17/145

Element in

• Q. A anamelda na ar ilyan “A is dearest of all” ✧ PE17/057
• Q. arcalima ar eleni “A is brightest of all” ✧ PE17/056
• Q. ar- “by-, beside, near, by-, beside, near; [ᴹQ.] outside”
• ᴺQ. aralussë “aorist, (lit.) beside-tense”
• ᴺQ. aramallë “side-street”
• Q. quiquië menin coaryanna, arsë “whenever I arrive at his house/come to/get to, he is out” ✧ VT49/23 (quiquie tenin koaryanna, arse)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√ADA > ar	[ad] > [að] > [ar]	✧ PE17/145

Variations

• ar ✧ PE17/056; PE17/057; PE17/145
• ad ✧ PE17/071
• ara ✧ VT49/25

ava

outside, beyond

ava (1) adv.? noun? prep.? "outside, beyond" (AWA, VT45:6)

etsë

outside, exterior

etsë noun "outside, exterior", glosses changed from ?"issuing" and ?"spring" (VT45:13)

ettë

outside

ettë noun(and/or adv.?) "outside" (ET)