neccë

angle

neccë ("k")noun "angle" (PE17:45). Variant of nehtë #1, q.v.

neccë

noun. angle

nehtë

angle

nehtë (1) noun "angle" (PE17:55), any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory (UT:282). Variant neccë.

mëar

gore

mëar noun "gore" (LT1:260)

lís

noun. honey, honey, *sugar, sweetener

A word for “honey” in Definitive Linguistic Notes (DLN) from 1959 given as lîs and derived from the root √(G)LIS (PE17/154); the usual representation of a long vowel in Quenya would be ✱lís. In DLN Tolkien said that it sometimes appeared as līr- in inflections with the usual change of intervocalic s to r, but that its usual stem form was liss-. Indeed, in The Etymologies of the 1930s this word was ᴹQ. lis “honey” under the root ᴹ√LIS of the same meaning, and its stem form was also liss- as indicated by its [ᴹQ.] genitive lissen (Ety/LIS). Tolkien originally gave the base noun as lisse in The Etymologies, but this was deleted and replaced by lis (EtyAC/LIS). In The Etymologies its Noldorin cognate was N. glî.

Conceptual Development: A likely precursor to this word was ᴱQ. ile “honey” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, cognate to ᴱN. glí “honey” (GL/59).

Neo-Quenya: Since there are other honey-words in Quenya like Q. nehtë, I would use lís (liss-) for sweeteners in general, including both honey and sugar.

Derivations

• √LIS “*sweet, [ᴱ√] sweetness, [ᴹ√] honey” ✧ PE17/154

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√(G)LIS > lîs	[līs]	✧ PE17/154

Variations

• lîs ✧ PE17/154

melu

honey

#melu noun "honey", isolated from melumatya, q.v. (PE17:68)

melu

noun. honey

A word for “honey” appearing only in the compound Q. melumatya “honey-eating” in notes from 1967 (PE17/68).

Element in

• Q. melumatya “honey-eating” ✧ PE17/068
• ᴺQ. meluquetya “sweet-speaking person, flatterer”

nectë

honey

nectë noun "honey" (LT1:262; Tolkien's later Quenya has lis; otherwise, nectë would have had to become nehtë_, a form appearing in the Etymologies with the meaning "honeycomb" [VT45:38]. However, this word clashes with _nehtë "angle" or "spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory" from later sources [PE17:55, UT:282].)

nehta

spearhead

nehta (1) noun "spearhead", isolated from nernehta, q.v.

nehte

noun. honey

honey

nehtë

noun. honey, honey; [ᴹQ.] honeycomb

A noun for “honey” appearing in 1970 green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2) derived from ✶negdē “exudation” based on the root √NEG “ooze, drip” (PE19/91). It was a later iteration of ᴹQ. nehte “honeycomb” in The Etymologies of the 1930s which had essentially the same derivation (EtyAC/NEG). This in turn was a later form of ᴱQ. nekte “honey” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√NEHE having to do with bees and honey (QL/65).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I’d use this word only for “honey”. For “honeycomb” I’d use ᴺQ. nehtelë inspired by ᴱQ. nektele “honeycomb” (QL/65)

Cognates

• S. nîdh “juice, [N.] honeycomb; [S.] juice” ✧ PE19/091
• T. nettë “honey” ✧ PE19/091

Derivations

• ✶negdē “exudation” ✧ PE19/091
  • √NEG “‽ooze, drip, ooze, drip; *honey” ✧ PE19/091

Element in

• ᴺQ. nehtelë “honeycomb”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶negdē > nehte	[negdē] > [nektē] > [nextē] > [nexte]	✧ PE19/091

Variations

• nehte ✧ PE19/091

nehtë

noun. spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow prominitory; angle

Cognates

• S. naith “spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow prominitory; angle” ✧ PE17/055; PE17/055; UT/282

Derivations

• ✶nektē “angle” ✧ PE17/055; PE17/055
  • √NEK “narrow, narrow; *angular, sharp” ✧ PE17/055
• √NEK “narrow, narrow; *angular, sharp” ✧ UT/282

Element in

• Q. nernehta “man-spearhead” ✧ UT/282

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶nek-tē > nehte	[nektē] > [nextē] > [nexte]	✧ PE17/055
✶nekte > nehte	[nekte] > [nexte]	✧ PE17/055
√nek > nehte	[nekte] > [nexte]	✧ UT/282

Variations

• nehte ✧ PE17/055; PE17/055; UT/282
• nekke ✧ PE17/055

mentë

point, end

mentë noun "point, end" (MET)

cendë

point

cendë noun "point" (PE16:96)

cendë

noun. point

Element in

• Q. pirucendëa “on the point of her toes” ✧ PE16/096

Variations

• cende ✧ PE16/096

tilma

noun. point

vennassë

noun. angle

Cognates

• N. bennas “angle”

mehar

noun. gore

Cognates

• ᴺS. mechor “gore”

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. MEKH “*gore”

naith

angle

_ n. _angle. Q. nehte. >> neith

neith

angle

_ n. _angle. Q. nehte. >> naith

aeg

noun. point

The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir , so there must be a noun aeg "point"

-il

point

suff. point, ending. >> niphredil, til

til

point

n. point, ending. >> -il, niphredil

naith

noun. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, triangle gore, wedge, narrow promontory

naith

Naith

topon.

naith

noun. spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow prominitory; angle

Cognates

• Q. nehtë “spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow prominitory; angle” ✧ PE17/055; PE17/055; UT/282

Derivations

• ✶nektē “angle” ✧ PE17/055; PE17/055
  • √NEK “narrow, narrow; *angular, sharp” ✧ PE17/055
• √NEK “narrow, narrow; *angular, sharp” ✧ UT/282

Element in

• S. dírnaith “wedge-shaped battle-formation, (lit.) man-spearhead” ✧ UT/282
• S. Naith “Gore, Triangle”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶nek-tē > naith	[nektē] > [nekte] > [nektʰe] > [nexθe] > [neiθe] > [neiθ] > [naiθ]	✧ PE17/055

medlin

adjective. honey-eater, bear-like

bennas

angle

1) bennas (i vennas), pl. bennais (i mennais), coll. pl. bennassath, 2) nass (sharp end, point, corner), construct nas, pl. nais

bennas

angle

(i vennas), pl. bennais (i mennais), coll. pl. bennassath

nass

angle

(sharp end, point, corner), construct nas, pl. nais

aeg

point

1) aeg (peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing". 2) naith (spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form. 3) nass (sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais. 4)

aeg

point

(peak, thorn). No distinct pl. form. Note: aeg is also used as adj. "sharp, pointed, piercing".

cên

gore

(i gên, o chên, construct cen) (wedge), pl. cîn (i chîn). Alternative sg. form cîn (i gîn, o chîn, construct cin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîn)  (VT45:20)

mechor

noun. gore

Cognates

• ᴺQ. mehar “gore”

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. MEKH “*gore”

naith

gore

1) naith (spearhead, wedge, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form; 2) cên (i gên, o chên, construct cen) (wedge), pl. cîn (i chîn). Alternative sg. form cîn (i gîn, o chîn, construct cin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i chîn) (VT45:20)

naith

gore

(spearhead, wedge, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form

rafn

extended point at the side

(wing, horn), pl. raifn (idh raifn).

glî

honey

glî (i **lî**);

glî

honey

(i ’lî);

nîdh

honeycomb

(construct nidh; no distinct pl. form) (VT45:38).

ment

point

(at the end of a thing) ment (i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath.

ment

point

(i vent), pl. mint (i mint), coll. pl. mennath**. **

nass

point

(sharp end, angle, corner), construct nas, pl. nais.

till

point

till (i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

till

point

(i** dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (spike, tine, sharp horn, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i** thill). Archaic †tild. 5)

naith

point

(spearhead, gore, wedge, promontory); no distinct pl. form.

naith

spearhead

naith (gore, wedge, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form;

naith

Naith

The Sindarin word naith is glossed as "angle". The literal meaning was "spear-point", but over time it came to be used by the Elves for all manner of sharp or spear-like objects.[source?] Tolkien translates naith into English using the word gore (meaning "sharp point"), a very close equivalent. Just like naith, gore can describe any of a wide range of narrow or pointed items, though it is now so rarely used that many readers find it almost as obscure as its Elvish equivalent. Its etymology goes back in time to Old English gára (a word for a narrow triangular piece of land) so Haldir's translation is a very precise one.[source?]

nasta

point

(verb) nasta- (i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

nasta

point

(i nasta, in nastar) (prick, stick, thrust)

thela

spear point

(-thel), pl. ?thili, 3) aith; no distinct pl. form.

ecthel

spear point

(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point”

necte, nette

noun. honey

honey

nettë

noun. honey

Cognates

• Q. nehtë “honey, honey; [ᴹQ.] honeycomb” ✧ PE19/091

Derivations

• ✶negdē “exudation” ✧ PE19/091
  • √NEG “‽ooze, drip, ooze, drip; *honey” ✧ PE19/091

Variations

• necte/nette ✧ PE19/091

snǣs

noun. spear-head, point, gore, triangle

Original form not entirely clear; the stem is SNAS/SNAT (LR:387), not defined but evidently to be understood as a strengthened form of NAS "point, sharp end" (LR:374). A primitive plural form natsai is mentioned under SNAS/SNAT; snǣs may derive from something like snatsâ via snats, *snas. The shift of original a to long ǣ (presumably the same vowel as in English cat, but longer) is found in this word only, but there are several examples of e from a, see spenna, scella. Perhaps a became ǣ in stressed monosyllables where there was no following consonant cluster (as in nand).

nektē

noun. angle

Derivations

• √NEK “narrow, narrow; *angular, sharp” ✧ PE17/055

Derivatives

• Q. nehtë “spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow prominitory; angle” ✧ PE17/055; PE17/055
• S. naith “spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow prominitory; angle” ✧ PE17/055; PE17/055

Variations

• nek-tē ✧ PE17/055
• nekte ✧ PE17/055

bennas

noun. angle

Cognates

• ᴺQ. vennassë “angle”

Variations

• Bennas ✧ TI/238; TII/Bennas

naith

place name. Angle

Elements

Word	Gloss
naith	“gore”

nelen

place name. Gore, Angle

Earliest name for Egladil in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/242), also appearing in the longer form Nelennas (TI/245). It is probably related to the root ᴹ√NEL from which nelthil “triangle” is derived, as suggested by Roman Rausch (EE/2.29).

Changes

• Nelennas → Nelen ✧ TI/242
• Nelen → Calennil ✧ TI/268

Variations

• Nelennas ✧ TI/242; TI/245; TII/Nelennas
• Nelen-Lórien ✧ TII/Nelen

bennas

noun. angle, corner

nass

noun. angle or corner

naith

noun. gore

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nasta “spear-head, spear-point, gore, triangle” ✧ Ety/SNAS

Derivations

• ᴹ✶natsai ✧ Ety/SNAS
  • ᴹ√SNAS “*gore, triangle” ✧ Ety/SNAS

Element in

• N. Naith “Angle”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶natsai > naith	[snatsai] > [snatsī] > [snatsi] > [n̥atsi] > [n̥aθθi] > [n̥eθθi] > [n̥eiθθ] > [n̥aiθθ] > [naiθθ] > [naiθ]	✧ Ety/SNAS

glî

noun. honey

glî

noun. honey

A word for “honey” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶g-lisi under the root ᴹ√LIS of the same meaning (Ety/LIS).

Conceptual Development: In Early Noldorin Word-lists Tolkien also had ᴱN. glí “honey” (PE13/144), presumably similarly derived from the early root ᴱ√LISI. However, in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the word for “honey” was G. neglis with an initial element √neg- (GL/59), the Gnomish equivalent of the early root ᴱ√NEHE that was the basis for ᴱQ. nekte “honey” (QL/65). It is possible that the second element of G. neglis was based on ᴱ√LISI and this was carried forward into later “honey” words.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. lis “honey” ✧ Ety/LIS

Derivations

• ᴹ✶glisi “honey” ✧ Ety/LIS
  • ᴹ√LIS “honey” ✧ Ety/LIS

Element in

• ᴺS. glidheb “like honey”
• N. megli “bear, (lit.) honey-eater”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶g-lisi > glî	[glisi] > [glihi] > [glih] > [glīh] > [glī]	✧ Ety/LIS

meglin

adjective. honey-eater, bear-like

egnas

noun. sharp point

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end; angle, corner

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nasse “thorn, spike, spike, thorn” ✧ Ety/NAS

Derivations

• ᴹ√NAS “point, sharp end” ✧ Ety/NAS

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NAS > nass	[nasse] > [nass]	✧ Ety/NAS

egnas

noun. peak

ment

noun. point

ment

noun. point

Cognates

• ᴹQ. mente “point, end, point, end; [ᴱQ.] peak, tip” ✧ Ety/MET

Derivations

• ᴹ√MET “end” ✧ Ety/MET

Element in

• N. Mornvenniath “Black Mountains”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√MET > ment	[mente] > [mentʰe] > [menθe] > [menθ] > [ment]	✧ Ety/MET

nass

noun. point, (sharp) end

naith

noun. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, triangle gore, wedge, narrow promontory

thela

noun. point (of spear)

ecthel

noun. point (of spear)

egthel

noun. point (of spear)