certa

rune

certa noun "rune" (pl. certar given), adapted from Sindarin certh (a "true" or inherited Quenya form of primitive ¤kirtē would have been *cirtë, but this word did not occur). (WJ:396)

certa

noun. rune

Cognates

• S. certh “rune” ✧ LotR/1117; LotRI/Certar; PE17/122; WJ/396; WJI/Cirth; PE22/149; PE22/150

Derivations

• S. certh “rune” ✧ WJ/396
  • √KIR “cut, cleave, pass swiftly through; shave; skim (surface), slip along, glide quickly” ✧ PE22/150
  • ✶kirtē “rune” ✧ WJ/396
  • √KIR “cut, cleave, pass swiftly through; shave; skim (surface), slip along, glide quickly”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
S. certh > certa	[cerþa] > [certa]	✧ WJ/396

anda

long

anda adj. "long" (ÁNAD/ANDA), "far" (PE17:90).In Andafangar noun "Longbeards", one of the tribes of the Dwarves (= Khuzdul Sigin-tarâg and Sindarin Anfangrim) (PM:320). Compare Andafalassë, #andamacil, andamunda, andanéya, andatehta, Anduinë. Apparently derived from the adj. anda is andavë "long" as adverb ("at great length", PE17:102), suggesting that the ending -vë can be used to derive adverbs from adjectives (LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308)

tengwasse

noun. alphabet

tengwassë

noun. alphabet

Element in

• Q. Fëanoreva Tengwassë “Feanorian Alphabet” ✧ PE22/149

Elements

Word	Gloss
tengwa	“(written) letter; sign, token, indicator, (written) letter; sign, token, indicator; [ᴹQ.] writing, grammar”
-ssë	“abstract noun”

Variations

• Tengwasse ✧ PE22/149

andavë

long, at great length

andavë adv. "long, at great length" (PE17:102); see anda

tengwanda

alphabet

tengwanda noun "alphabet" (TEK)

sóra

long, trailing

sóra adj. "long, trailing" (LT2:344)

ando

long

ando (2) adv. "long"; maybe replaced by andavë; see anda (VT14:5)

angerthas

noun. runic alphabet, long rune-rows (extended version of the Certhas)

angerthas

noun. angerthas

pl. n. >> certhas, Cirth

angerthas

noun. long rune-rows

and (“long”) + certhas (“rune rows”) > certh (“a rune”) + as (#abstract colletive suffix)

angerthas

noun. runic alphabetic, (lit.) long rune-rows

Element in

• S. Angerthas Daeron “Angerthas of Daeron” ✧ LotR/1123
• S. Angerthas Moria “Angerthas of Moria” ✧ LotR/1126

Elements

Word	Gloss
and	“long”
certhas	“runes-rows, runic alphabet”

Variations

• Angerthas ✧ LotR/1123; LotR/1126; PE22/150; PMI/Angerthas; RSI/Angerthas; SA/an(d); SA/kir; TII/Angerthas

certhas

noun. runic alphabet, rune-rows

certh

noun. rune

certh

noun. rune

Cognates

• Q. certa “rune” ✧ LotR/1117; LotRI/Certar; PE17/122; WJ/396; WJI/Cirth; PE22/149; PE22/150

Derivations

• √KIR “cut, cleave, pass swiftly through; shave; skim (surface), slip along, glide quickly” ✧ PE22/150
• ✶kirtē “rune” ✧ WJ/396
  • √KIR “cut, cleave, pass swiftly through; shave; skim (surface), slip along, glide quickly”

Derivatives

• Q. certa “rune” ✧ WJ/396

Element in

• S. certhas “runes-rows, runic alphabet” ✧ LotR/1123
• S. i Cirdh Daeron “*the Runes of Daeron” ✧ NM/164

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KER > cirth	[kertī] > [kerti] > [kertʰi] > [kerθi] > [kirθi] > [kirθ]	✧ PE22/150
✶kirtē > certh	[kirtē] > [kirte] > [kirta] > [kirtʰa] > [kirθa] > [kerθa] > [kerθ]	✧ WJ/396

Variations

• Certh ✧ WJI/Cirth

anann

adverb. long, for a long time

anann

adverb. long

adv. long. Cuio i Pheriain anann 'May the Halflings live long'.

and

adjective. long

and

adjective. long

adj. long. i·arben na megil and 'The Knight of the Long Sword'. >> ann

and

adjective. long

Cognates

• Q. anda “long, far” ✧ PE17/040; PE17/090

Derivations

• √ANAD “long; far” ✧ PE17/040
• ✶andā “long, far” ✧ PE17/090
  • √ANAD “long; far” ✧ PE17/090

Element in

• S. Anach “?Long Neck”
• S. anann “(for) long”
• S. andaith “long-mark”
• S. Andram “Long Wall” ✧ SA/an(d)
• S. Andras “Long Cape”
• S. Andrast “Long Cape”
• S. Angast “Long Cape” ✧ VT42/28
• S. Andrath “Long Climb”
• S. andreth “long-suffering, patience”
• S. Androth “*Long Cave”
• S. Anduin “Great River, (lit.) Long River” ✧ PE17/012; PE17/040; RC/765; SA/an(d)
• S. Anfalas “Langstrand, (lit.) Long Beach” ✧ SA/an(d)
• S. Anfang “Longbeard”
• S. angerthas “runic alphabetic, (lit.) long rune-rows” ✧ SA/an(d)
• ᴺS. annas “length”
• S. Ann-thennath “*Long-shorts”
• S. Cair Andros “Ship of Long Foam” ✧ SA/an(d)
• S. i arben na megil and “Knight of the Long Sword” ✧ PE17/147

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶andā > ann-	[andā] > [anda] > [and] > [ann]	✧ PE17/090

Variations

• ann ✧ PE17/012; PE17/040; PE17/121
• ann- ✧ PE17/090
• an(d) ✧ SA/an(d)
• an(n)- ✧ VT42/28

ann

adjective. long

adj. long. Rare except in old names (e.g. Anduin). >> and

ann

adjective. long

angerthas

long rune-row

(and + certhas).

angerthas

long rune-row

(and + certhas).

certhas

rune-row

(i gerthas, o cherthas), pl. certhais (i cherthais).

certhas

alphabet

(runic alphabet) certhas (i gerthas, o cherthas) (rune-row), pl. certhais (i cherthais)

certhas

alphabet

(i gerthas, o cherthas) (rune-row), pl. certhais (i cherthais)

certh

rune

certh (i gerth, o cherth), pl. cirth (i chirth). RUNE-ROW (collection of runes) certhas (i gerthas, o cherthas), pl. certhais (i cherthais). LONG RUNE-ROW (a certain system of runes) Angerthas (and + certhas).

certh

rune

(i gerth, o cherth), pl. cirth (i chirth).

andaith

long mark

(no distinct pl. form). The word refers to an accent-like mark used to indicate long vowels in Tengwar modes that employ separate vowel letters, like the Mode of Beleriand.

anfang

longbeard

pl. Enfeng, coll. pl. Anfangrim (WJ:10, 108, 205)

ennin

long year

. No distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. enniniath.

anann

long

(adverb, = "for a long time") anann

anann

long

annabon

long-snouted one

pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath. (Archaic form andabon.)

tiwdi

alphabet

tiwdi (i diwdi), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thiwdi). (VT46:16; David Salo would read têwdi)

tiwdi

alphabet

(i diwdi), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thiwdi). *(VT46:16; David Salo would read têwdi)*

and

long

(adjective) and (pl. aind),

and

long

(pl. aind)

taen

thin

(lenited daen, no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”height, summit of high mountain”.

brûn

long endured/established/in use

(old), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin;

anda

adjective. long

Element in

• T. andané “long ago, once upon a time” ✧ VT49/31

sigin Reconstructed

adjective. long

Element in

• Kh. Sigin-tarâg “Longbeards”

ʒandā

adjective. long

Derivations

• √ƷAN “adorn; extend; long” ✧ PE17/155; VT47/27

kirtē

noun. rune

Derivations

• √KIR “cut, cleave, pass swiftly through; shave; skim (surface), slip along, glide quickly”

Derivatives

• S. certh “rune” ✧ WJ/396
  • Q. certa “rune” ✧ WJ/396

anann

adverb. long

Element in

• N. aglar anann “*glory for long” ✧ SD/046
• N. cuio i Pheriain anann “long live the halflings” ✧ SD/046

Elements

Word	Gloss
an	“of”
ann	“long”

tiwdi

noun. alphabet

tiwdi

noun. alphabet

Elements

Word	Gloss
tew	“letter”
tî	“line, row, line, row; [G.] straight”

ann

adjective. long

ann

adjective. long

Cognates

• ᴹQ. anda “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD

Derivations

• On. anda “long”
• ᴹ✶andā “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; Ety/MBUD
  • ᴹ√ANAD “*long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; Ety/MBUD

Element in

• N. anann “long”
• N. andeith “long-mark” ✧ Ety/TEK
• N. Andram “Long Wall” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD
• N. anrand “cycle, age, (lit.) long cycle” ✧ Ety/RAD
• N. Andrath
• N. Anduin “Great River”
• N. Anfalas “Langstrand”
• N. An(d)fang “Longbeard” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD
• N. annabon “elephant” ✧ Ety/MBUD
• N. Cair Andros
• N. ennin “Valian year”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶andā > and > ann	[andā] > [anda] > [and] > [ann]	✧ Ety/ÁNAD
ᴹ✶anda > anna-	[anda-] > [anna-]	✧ Ety/MBUD

taen

adjective. long (and thin)