Quenya 

coina

alive

coina _("k")_adj. "alive" (LT1:257; Tolkien's later Quenya also has cuina, though coina may still be a valid word: properly, the root of words for "life" is coi- rather than cui-, the latter referring to "awakening" instead)

cuina

alive

cuina ("k")adj. "alive" (KUY). See coina.

coirëa

living

coirëa adj. "living" (glossed "alive" in LT1:257); coirëa quenya "living speech" (PM:399, VT49:42)

coirëa

adjective. living, living, [ᴱQ.] lively, alive

An adjective for “living” appearing in notes from the 1950s as part of the phrase Q. coirëa quenya “living speech” (PM/399).

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. koirea “alive, lively” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√KOẎO “have life” (QL/48).

Derivations

  • √KOY “*live, have life, [ᴹ√] live, have life”

Element in

coiva

awake

coiva _("k")_adj. "awake" (LT1:257 - read *cuiva in LotR-style Quenya? Cf. coivië becoming cuivië. On the other hand, the elements cui- and coi- having to do with life and awakening cannot be wholly separated.

eccoita-

awake

#eccoita- vb. "awake" (VT27:10)

coina

adjective. alive, living

Derivations

  • √KOY “*live, have life, [ᴹ√] live, have life”

cuiva

adjective. awake

Derivations

  • √KUY “awake; live, awake; live, [ᴹ√] come to life”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Sindarin 

cuin

alive

cuin (lenited guin; no distinct pl. form).

cuin

alive

(lenited guin; no distinct pl. form).

cuina

be alive

(i guina, i chuinar)

brêg

lively

brêg (sudden, quick), lenited vrêg, pl. brîg

brêg

lively

(sudden, quick), lenited vrêg, pl. brîg

cuileb

adjective. lively, alive

Elements

WordGloss
cuil“life, life, [G.] lifetime”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

cui(w)

adjective. awake, alert, alive

Derivations

  • √KUY “awake; live, awake; live, [ᴹ√] come to life”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

Primitive elvish

et-kuinu

verb. awake, wake up

Primitive elvish [PE 22:136] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

Noldorin 

cuin

adjective. alive

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cuin

adjective. alive

An adjective for “alive” in The Etymologies of the 1930s based on the root ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” (Ety/KUY).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien had G. cuib “alive” (GL/27) and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱN. cuif (cuiv-) “alive” (PE13/141).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kuina “alive” ✧ Ety/KUY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” ✧ Ety/KUY

Element in

  • ᴺS. cuinas “vitality, liveliness”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KUY > cuin[kujna] > [kuina] > [kuin]✧ Ety/KUY

cuina-

verb. to be alive

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

kuina

adjective. alive

An adjective appearing as ᴹQ. kuina “alive” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” (Ety/KUY).

Conceptual Development: A similar adjective ᴱQ. koina “living, alive” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√KOẎO “have life” (QL/48).

Neo-Quenya: Tolkien vacillated between the two roots √KOY and √KUY for “life”; I prefer to use √KOY for purposes of Neo-Eldarin, so I’d use ᴺQ. coina for “alive”. For “living” I’d using the word Q. coirëa from the 1950s (PM/399).

Cognates

  • N. cuin “alive” ✧ Ety/KUY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” ✧ Ety/KUY

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KUY > kuina[kuina]✧ Ety/KUY

Gnomish

cuib

adjective. alive

Derivations

Element in

  • G. cuibri “vitality” ✧ GL/27

cuilog

adjective. alive, lively

A word appearing as G. cuilog “alive, lively” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of G. cuil “life” (GL/27). Tolkien specified that this word was “usually metaph[oric]”, so probably “lively” was a better translation than “alive”.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d update this word to ᴺS. cuileb “lively” using the later adjective suffix -eb, but for “alive” I’d use [N.] cuin.

Element in

cwim

adjective. awake, alert, alive

An adjective appearing as G. cwim “awake, alert, alive” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s from the early root ᴱ√QIV (GL/28).

Neo-Sindarin: I would adapt this word as ᴺS. cui(w) “awake, alert” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, inspired by the second element of S. echui(w) “awakening”, but for “alive” I’d use [N.] cuin.

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√QIVI “*awake” ✧ GL/28

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√QIV > cwim¹[kʷimβ] > [kʷimb] > [kʷim]✧ GL/28

Variations

  • cwim¹ ✧ GL/28

Early Noldorin

cuif

adjective. alive

Derivations

Early Noldorin [PE13/141] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

koina

adjective. living, alive

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KOẎO “have life” ✧ QL/048

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√KOẎO > koina[koðʲnā] > [koðʲna] > [kojna] > [koina]✧ QL/048
Early Quenya [LT1A/Koivië-néni; QL/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

koirea

adjective. alive, lively

Variations

  • koirëa ✧ LT1A/Koivië-néni
Early Quenya [LT1A/Koivië-néni; QL/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

qíva

adjective. awake

An adjective appearing as ᴱQ. Qîva “awake” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√QIV; Tolkien noted it was sometimes confused with ᴱQ. koiva “lively, living” (GL/29).

Neo-Quenya: I would adapt this word as ᴺQ. cuiva “awake” using the later root √KUY.

Cognates

  • G. cwivros “awakening” ✧ GL/29
  • G. cwim “awake, alert, alive”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√QIVI “*awake” ✧ GL/29

Element in

  • Eq. qívie “awakening” ✧ GL/29

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√QIV > Qîva[kʷīβā] > [kʷīβa] > [kʷīva]✧ GL/29

Variations

  • Qîva ✧ GL/29
Early Quenya [GL/29] Group: Eldamo. Published by