Quenya 

ohta

noun. war

war, hostility

Quenya [PE 18:85n, 87] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ohta

war

ohta noun "war" (OKTA, KOT > KOTH). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, ohta was also the name of tengwa #15 (VT46:7), but Tolkien would later call this letter anca instead changing its value from ht to nc.

ohta

noun. war

Quenya [PE 22:161] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ohta

noun. war

Derivations

  • ✶oktā “war, hostility, strife” ✧ PE18/085
    • √KOT “hate; be wroth, quarrel, be wroth, quarrel, [ᴹ√]strive; [√] hate” ✧ PE18/085; PE18/087; PE18/087

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶ok(h)ta > ohta[okʰta] > [oktʰa] > [okta] > [oxta]✧ PE18/085
Quenya [PE18/085; PE22/161] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

auth

war

auth (battle), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".

auth

war

(battle), pl. oeth, coll. pl. othath. Note: a homophone means "dim shape, apparition".

dagra

make war

(do battle) (i nagra, i ndagrar), also dagrada- (i nagrada, i ndagradar)

Adûnaic

azga Reconstructed

noun. war

A hypothetical noun for “war” appearing as an element in the verb azgarâ- “to wage war”, as suggested by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne (VSH/24), though as others have suggested (AL/Adûnaic, EotAL/ZAG’R) it could equally well be azgar.

Element in

Primitive elvish

oktā

noun. war, hostility, strife

Changes

  • ok’tā → okh’tā ✧ PE18/087

Derivations

  • √KOT “hate; be wroth, quarrel, be wroth, quarrel, [ᴹ√]strive; [√] hate” ✧ PE18/085; PE18/087; PE18/087

Derivatives

  • Q. ohta “war” ✧ PE18/085

Variations

  • ok(h)ta ✧ PE18/085 (ok(h)ta)
  • okh’tā ✧ PE18/087
  • ok’tā ✧ PE18/087 (ok’tā)
Primitive elvish [PE18/085; PE18/087] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

auth

noun. war, battle

Noldorin [Ety/365, Ety/379, VT/45:23] Group: SINDICT. Published by

auth

noun. war, battle

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. ohta “war” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶oktā “strife, war” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ
    • ᴹ√KOT(H) “quarrel, strive, be wroth” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; PE18/038; PE18/062

Element in

  • ᴺS. othas “warfare”
  • ᴺS. othidh “armistice”
  • ᴺS. othrim “army”
  • ᴺS. othrol “warlike”
  • ᴺS. othwen “amazon”
  • ᴺS. pilinoth “arrow of war, arrow sent as a summons to war”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶oktā > auth[oktā] > [okta] > [oktʰa] > [oxθa] > [ouθa] > [auθa] > [auθ]✧ Ety/KOT
Noldorin [Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; EtyAC/KOT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

ohta

noun. war

Cognates

  • N. auth “war, battle” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ
  • Ilk. oth “war” ✧ Ety/OKTĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶oktā “strife, war” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; PE19/055
    • ᴹ√KOT(H) “quarrel, strive, be wroth” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; PE18/038; PE18/062

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶oktā > ohta[oktā] > [oxtā] > [oxta]✧ Ety/KOT
ᴹ✶OKTĀ > ohta[oktā] > [oxtā] > [oxta]✧ Ety/OKTĀ
ᴹ✶òkotā́ > okǝtā > oktā́ > ohta[okotā] > [oktā] > [oxtā] > [oxta]✧ PE19/055
Qenya [Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; EtyAC/OKTĀ; LR/047; LR/056; PE19/055; PE22/020; PE22/022; PE22/044; PE22/051; SD/246; SD/310] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

oth

noun. war

A noun for “war” derived from primitive ᴹ✶oktā (Ety/OKTĀ). It is a good example of how double spirants became single in Ilkorin, in this case [kt] > [xθ] (or [θθ]) > [θ].

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. ohta “war” ✧ Ety/OKTĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶oktā “strife, war” ✧ Ety/OKTĀ
    • ᴹ√KOT(H) “quarrel, strive, be wroth” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; PE18/038; PE18/062

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶OKTĀ > oth[oktā] > [okta] > [oxθa] > [oθa] > [oθ]✧ Ety/OKTĀ
Doriathrin [Ety/OKTĀ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

war

root. give way, yield, not endure, let down, betray

A (Noldorin only?) root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “give way, yield, not endure, let down, betray” with derivatives like N. awarth “abandonment”, N. gwarth “betrayer”, and N. gweria- “betray” (Ety/WAR). Tolkien said it was the opposite of ᴹ√BOR “endure” (EtyAC/WAR) which had various Noldorin derivatives having to do with loyalty (Ety/BOR).

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. avarta- “to abandon”
  • ᴺQ. var- “to yield, give way, surrender”
  • ᴺQ. varta- “to betray”
  • ᴺQ. varto “betrayer”
  • N. awarth “abandonment” ✧ Ety/WAR
  • N. gwarth “betrayer” ✧ Ety/WAR
  • On. awarta- “to forsake, abandon” ✧ Ety/WAR
    • N. awartha- “to forsake” ✧ Ety/WAR
  • On. war- “to betray, cheat” ✧ Ety/WAR
    • N. gweria- “to betray” ✧ Ety/WAR
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oktā

noun. strife, war

Changes

  • OHTĀ → OKTĀ ✧ Ety/OKTĀ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KOT(H) “quarrel, strive, be wroth” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; PE18/038; PE18/062

Derivatives

  • Ilk. oth “war” ✧ Ety/OKTĀ
  • ᴹQ. ohta “war” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; PE19/055
  • N. auth “war, battle” ✧ Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ

Variations

  • OKTĀ ✧ Ety/OKTĀ
  • okta ✧ EtyAC/KOT
  • OHTĀ ✧ EtyAC/OKTĀ (OHTĀ)
  • okto ✧ PE18/038
  • OK(H)TĀ ✧ PE18/062
  • òkotā́ ✧ PE19/055 (òkotā́)
  • òkotā ✧ PE19/058
  • oktā́ ✧ PE19/058
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KOT; Ety/OKTĀ; EtyAC/KOT; EtyAC/OKTĀ; PE18/038; PE18/062; PE19/055; PE19/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

gwar-

verb. to watch (all senses), guard

Derivations

  • ᴱ√WARA “care for, guard, watch (over)” ✧ GL/46

Element in

  • G. cathor “helmet, (lit.) head-ward” ✧ GL/25
  • G. Gwarbilin “Birdward(en)” ✧ GL/46; LT1A/Tinfang; LT2A/Amon Gwareth
  • G. Gwarestrin “Tower of Guard, Watchtower” ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth; PE15/27
  • G. gwarestrin “watch-tower” ✧ GL/46
  • G. gwareth “watch, guard, ward; vigilance” ✧ GL/46; LT2A/Amon Gwareth
  • G. gwarieg “watchman, warden” ✧ GL/46
  • G. Mindon Gwar ✧ LT2A/Amon Gwareth

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√u̯ar > gwar-[war-] > [gʷar-]✧ GL/46

Variations

  • gwar- ✧ GL/46; LT1A/Tinfang; LT2A/Amon Gwareth
  • Gwar ✧ LT2A/Glamhoth; PE15/27
Gnomish [GL/25; GL/46; LT1A/Tinfang; LT2A/Amon Gwareth; LT2A/Glamhoth; PE15/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

goth

noun. war, strife

Cognates

  • Eq. kos “quarrel, dispute, the matter disputed, legal action” ✧ GL/42

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GOÞO “strive; angry” ✧ LT1A/Kosomot; LT2A/Gothmog

Element in

  • G. Gothmog “Strife-and-hatred” ✧ LT1A/Kosomot; LT2/067; LT2A/Gothmog
  • G. gothweg “warrior” ✧ GL/42; LT2A/Gothmog
  • G. gothwen “battle” ✧ GL/42; LT2A/Gothmog
  • G. Morgoth “*Black Strife” ✧ LT2/067; LT2A/Gothmog
  • G. gothri “warfare” ✧ GL/42
  • G. gothwilm “armistice” ✧ GL/42; LT2A/Gothmog
  • G. gothriol “warlike” ✧ LT2A/Gothmog
  • G. gothwin “amazon” ✧ GL/42; LT2A/Gothmog
  • G. gothfeng “(war-)arrow, a great arrow; an arrow sent as a summons to war” ✧ GL/42; LT2A/Gothmog
  • G. Thlim Gothodrum “*Folk of the Hammer” ✧ PE13/104

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√KOSO > goth[goθ]✧ LT2A/Gothmog
Gnomish [GG/09; GL/42; LT1A/Kosomot; LT2/067; LT2A/Gothmog; PE13/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

kor

noun. war

Derivations

  • ᴱ√GOÞO “strive; angry” ✧ QL/048

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√KOSO > kŏr[kos] > [kor]✧ QL/048

Variations

  • kŏr ✧ QL/048
Early Quenya [PME/048; QL/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ohta

noun. war

Cognates

  • En. oith “feud” ✧ PE13/151; PE13/164

Element in

  • Eq. karo ohtan “a deed of (some actual) war” ✧ PE14/045; PE14/075
  • Eq. ohtar “warrior” ✧ PE15/78
  • Eq. ohta·karo “warlike deed, hostile unfriendly act(ion)” ✧ PE14/045; PE14/075
  • Eq. Teler-’ohta “*Sea-elf War” ✧ PE14/109
Early Quenya [PE13/151; PE13/164; PE14/045; PE14/075; PE14/109; PE15/78] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nara

noun. strife

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ŊARA “(properly) bite at” ✧ QL/064

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ŊARA > nara[ŋarā] > [ŋara] > [nara]✧ QL/064
Early Quenya [QL/064] Group: Eldamo. Published by