ú

preposition. beneath

ú-

prefix. un-

úv-

prefix. un-

úrinki

feminine name. Orbed Sun

Another name for the sun in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/98; PME/98). It is a combination of Ûr “Sun” and an adjectival form of rinko “orb”.

úri nienaite híse

a bleared sun

The thirty second line of the Oilima Markirya poem (MC/214). The first word is úri “sun” followed by the adjective nienaite “tearful” and the noun híse “mist”. These last two words are translated loosely as “bleared” in the English, perhaps more literally meaning “✱[with a] tearful mist”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> úri nienaite híse = “✱sun tearful mist”

úva

adjective. the under

urwen(di)

feminine name. Sun-maiden

ukárele

noun. [unglossed]

umpai

?. [unglossed]

upaitya-

verb. [unglossed]

usult

?. [unglossed]

úle

noun. butter

úrin

proper name. Sun, (lit.) Fire

úrion

masculine name. Úrion

Another name Fionwe in the Qenya Lexicon from the 1910s and some other early name lists (QL/98; PE13/114; PE14/13). It was also glossed “phaethon”, which is Greek for “radiant, shining” and another name for Helios, god of the Sun, according to the editors of the Qenya Lexicon: Gilson, Hostetter, Wynne and Smith (QL/98). It is an elaboration of Ûr “Sun”, as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Ûr).

úsiéra

adjective. *escaped

An adjective appearing in its plural form ūsiēre in the Sí Qente Feanor poem of the 1910s (PE15/32), probably related to ᴱQ. usu- “escape” and so meaning something like “✱escaped” as suggested by Christopher Gilson (PE15/37).

uru

noun. fire

uqu-

verb. to rain

úmavaisor

proper name. *Throne of Hate

úmea

adjective. large

úqa

adjective. wet

úqil

noun. rain

úrin

adjective. (blazing) hot

úvanimo

noun. monster

úya-

verb. is not

ulqa

adjective. evil

uqis

noun. rain

úro

noun. boar

ahúrasilqi

noun. sun and moon

An (archaic) dual construction for the Sun and Moon as a pair, appearing in both the Early Qenya Grammar and the Early English-Qenya Dictionary (PE14/76; PE15/75, 77). It is a combination of ᴱQ. Ahúra “Sun” and the dual of ᴱQ. Sil “Moon”.

-nu

suffix. masculine suffix

A common masculine suffix in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s in words like varyanu “[male] foreigner”, probably a reduced form of ᴱQ. anu (QL/31) and often paired with its feminine equivalent ᴱQ. -ni.

ahúra

noun. Sun

An early Qenya word for the Sun appearing in a word list from the 1920s (PE15/77). Its etymology is obscure.

auro

noun. sun

A noun appearing in Early Noldorin Word-lists as {ūru >>} auro, cognate of ᴱN. úr “sun”, and derived from {✶ourǝ >>} ✶ourū̆ (PE13/155). Elsewhere Q. Úr(in) was a name for the Sun from the 1910s up through the 1950s, but Tolkien eventually changed this to Vása (MR/198).

lukso

noun. mud

The word ᴱQ. lukso (luksu-) appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with the gloss “mud” as a derivative of the root ᴱ√LUKU (QL/56).

Neo-Quenya: The root √LUK had other meanings in Tolkien’s later writings. However, the later root √LOG “wet (and soft), soaked, swampy” seems to be similar in sense to early ᴱ√LUKU, so this word for “mud” might be salvaged as a neologism: ✱log-sō > lokso > ᴺQ. loxo.

ránuringwi

noun. sun and moon

An (archaic?) dual formation for the “sun and moon” appearing in the Early Qenya Grammar and English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s (PE14/76; PE15/75), a combination of ᴱQ. Rána “moon” and the dual of ᴱQ. úrin “sun”.

lungwe

?. [unglossed]

nyúken

?. [unglossed]

súlimarya

?. [unglossed]

súme

?. [unglossed]

anaukante

?. [unglossed]

aukaine

?. [unglossed]

erus(ta)

noun/adjective. outside

masta úlea

bread and butter

nauto

noun. [unglossed]

sauke

?. [unglossed]

tultárie

adjective. [unglossed]

yu

?. [unglossed]

pundo

noun. [unglossed]

miru

noun. wine

A word appearing as ᴱQ. miru “wine” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s as the basis for the name of the drink of the Valar: ᴱQ. miruvóre (QL/61; PME/61).

Neo-Quenya: In Tolkien’s later writing, the initial element of Q. miruvórë was derived from the Valarin word Val. mirub “wine”, but I think ᴺQ. miru “wine” can also be retained as an adaptation of that Valarin word, so that we can salvage early related words.

fandelu

noun. monster

nún

adverb. beneath

aule

masculine name. Smith

munta

noun. nothing

numenda

adjective. western

rauke

noun. demon

ûr

proper name. Sun, (lit.) Fire

Name of the Sun in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/187), sometimes appearing as úri (MC/214, 221), derived from the root ᴱ√URU having to do with heat (QL/98).

mingwe

noun. butter

The word for “butter” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s was ᴱQ. manya derived from the early root ᴱ√MṆGṆ (QL/62) with the cognate G. mang “butter” from the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/56). A similar form ᴱQ. mingwe “butter” appeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/141, 145), along with an unrelated form ᴱQ. úle “butter” that also appeared as an adjective in the phrase masta {mingwea >>} úlea]] “bread and butter” (PE16/141). In contemporaneous Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, the Qenya word for “butter” was ᴱQ. telpe rather than having its usual meaning “silver” as in earlier and later writings (PE13/154).

Neo-Quenya: Of these forms, I prefer ᴺQ. manya for “butter” for purposes of Neo-Quenya since it has the clearest (Neo-Sindarin) cognate ᴺS. mang. I assume these words are derived from a Neo-Root ᴺ√MANGYA where ngy became ng in (Old) Sindarin but became ndy in Quenya and then developed into ny.

sári

proper name. Sun

A name for the Sun in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/186), probably a derivative of the root ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Sári).

telpe

noun. butter

A Qenya word for “butter” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s from primitive ᴱ✶t’lḗpe (PE13/154), a temporary repurposing of the form usually used for “silver”, which in this document was ᴱQ. telqe from primitive ᴱ✶kelekwé (PE13/140).

anwe

?. [unglossed]

ka

?. [unglossed]

lossiattea

?. [unglossed]

-ndo

suffix. masculine suffix

avesta

noun. summer

eant

?. [unglossed]

ematte

?. [unglossed]

enqe

preposition. without

kaka-

verb. to laugh

las

noun. [unglossed]

lilyen

?. [unglossed]

linqarassea

adjective. [unglossed]

láwakéle

?. [unglossed]

manya

noun. butter

nawa-

verb. [unglossed]

nierme

?. [unglossed]

pingwe

?. [unglossed]

póya

adjective. [unglossed]

saile

noun. [unglossed]

sinqita-

verb. [unglossed]

sivilda

?. [unglossed]

tantilta-

verb. [unglossed]

tirípti

?. [unglossed]

toron

?. [unglossed]

táne

adjective. [unglossed]

alle

?. [unglossed]

angwe

?. [unglossed]

fingwe

?. [unglossed]

hingwe

?. [unglossed]

hyanta

?. [unglossed]

intya

?. [unglossed]

laisifalle

noun. [unglossed]

min-

verb. [unglossed]

ningwe

?. [unglossed]

porokoi

?. [unglossed]

ralle

?. [unglossed]

saiwali

noun. summer

saqa-

verb. [unglossed]

talarin

adjective. [unglossed]

tyanta

?. [unglossed]

tánie

adjective. [unglossed]

valle

?. [unglossed]

vingwe

?. [unglossed]

hisildi

collective name. Twilight People, Dark Elves

Name of the Dark Elves that chose not to journey to Valinor in the earliest Lost Tales (LT1/232), apparently an elaboration on híse “dusk” as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Hisilómë). Tolkien considered and rejected a number of alternate names, including: Humarni, Kaliondi, Lómear (LT1/244) and Úvalear (LT1/237). Of these rejected terms, only Lómear has a clear etymology.

io

noun. wine

A word appearing as {úle >> eo >>} io “wine” in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/141).

Conceptual Development: A possible precursor to this word is ᴱQ. ulme “a kind of wine” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived the early root ᴱ√ULU “pour” (QL/97).

sarma

noun. saw

A word appearing as ᴱQ. sarma “a saw” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a noun form of ᴱQ. sara- “saw” under the root ᴱ√SARA of the similar meaning (QL/82).

Neo-Quenya: Since I retain ᴺQ. sara- “to saw [wood]” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would retain the noun ᴺQ. sarma “saw” as well.

sár(e)a

adjective. fiery

An adjective in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “fiery” with variants sāra and sārea (the second added later) derived from the early root ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” (QL/81).

tan(y)a

noun. fire

An element meaning “fire” in some early names: tanya in ᴱQ. Tanyasalpe (LT1/187), tana in ᴱQ. Tana Qentima equivalent of G. Tôn a Gwedrin “Tale-fire” (PE15/7; LT2/197), and possibly also in ᴱQ. Fatanyu “Hell” (GL/51). Tan(y)a is likely a derivative of the early root ᴱ√tan- (GL/69, 71).

ya(n)

conjunction. and

The usual word for “and” in the 1910s was ᴱQ. ya(n) (PE15/69, VT40/8). It was derived from the early root ᴱ√YA (or possibly ᴱ√(D)YṆTṆ) in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/104-105). In his later writings, the usual word for “and” was Q. ar, but something like ya(n) survived in the “dual” conjunction yo “both ... and”.

e-

verb. to be

liqin(a)

adjective. wet

fandor

noun. monster

fingwa

adjective. narrow

kala-

verb. to shine

kara-

verb. to do, make

mata-

verb. to eat

mel-

verb. to love

naswa

adjective. nasty

nat

noun. thing

nenda

adjective. wet

qarda

adjective. bad

saiwa

adjective. hot

sá

noun. fire

talka

noun. smith

torqa

adjective. blazing hot

yanta

adjective. large

ó-

verb. to be

óma

noun. voice

amarto

noun. fate

falka

adjective. bad

fandos

noun. monster

fantor

noun. monster

kal-

verb. to shine

mat-

verb. to eat

neta

noun. thing

perqa

adjective. wrong

salistina

adjective. blessed

tongar

noun. smith