Qenya
tó
noun. wool
Derivations
- ᴹ√TOW “*wool” ✧ Ety/TOW
Element in
- ᴹQ. toa “of wool, woollen”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√TOW > tō [tou] > [tō] ✧ Ety/TOW Variations
- tō ✧ Ety/TOW
yú
adverb. too, too, *also
Derivations
- ᴹ√YŪ “two, both”
Element in
- ᴹQ. aiqe ni káraza (nila) san ette kára(za) yú “if I were doing this now (I am not), he would be doing it too” ✧ PE22/122
- ᴹQ. qe (ai) e·tule, (san) inye tule yú “if/when he comes, I come too” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. qe (ai) e·tulle, (san) inye tulle yú “if/when he came, I came too” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴺQ. yúla “neither, nor”
toróma
noun. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ✶torōmā “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/059; PE19/059
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶torṓmā > toróma [torōmā] > [torōma] ✧ PE19/059 ᴹ✶torṓmànna > torō̆mánna > torománna [torōmanna] > [toromanna] ✧ PE19/059
ento
pronoun. [unglossed]
sóla
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ✶soglā ✧ PE19/046
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶soglā > sóla [soglā] > [soɣlā] > [sōlā] > [sōla] ✧ PE19/046
toina
adjective. [unglossed]
yo
conjunction. and
Derivations
Element in
- ᴹQ. lairesse nihare to tarassi, yu unta hrívesse landannar “in the summer I live in [i.e. on] the hills [as a rule], and come down to the plains in the winter” ✧ PE22/125
- ᴹQ. Sinome nimaruva, yo hildinyar tenn’ Ambar-metta “Here will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world” ✧ SD/056
Variations
- yu ✧ PE22/125
asso
pronoun. [unglossed]
ente
pronoun. [unglossed]
i
pronoun. that
Element in
- ᴹQ. he·meruvar i Túro kárathe “they will wish that T. is (then) making it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. isse “where”
- ᴹQ. le·merne i ni·karnéte “you wished that I had made (lit. made) it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. malkar i·aldar i·ólar nóressella “how great are the trees that grow in your land?” ✧ PE22/124
- ᴹQ. manar i·ennor/lie i me·kenner “who (are or were) the persons/people that we saw?” ✧ PE22/124
- ᴹQ. mennai Orome tanna lende i erenekkoitanie “until Orome came hither that he might awake them” ✧ VT27/07
- ᴹQ. me·merner i Túro kárathe “we wished that Turo was making it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. me·merner i Túro tule “we wished that Turo come” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·karithe “I wish him to do it/that he do(es) it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·tule “I wish him to come/that he come(s)” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. vahaia nóre ëa i a-esta Valinor “far away (there) is a land called Valinor” ✧ PE22/124
Variations
- i ✧ PE22/118; PE22/124; PE22/124; VT27/07
- in ✧ PE22/118
in
pronoun. that
sa
pronoun. that
Element in
- ᴹQ. me·láner fasta sa yára Túro “we were not pleased [that old Túro...]” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tule “I said he is coming, I said (that) he was coming” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tulle “I said he came, I stated that (at some time previous to my speaking) he came (but was no longer present)” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·utúlie “I said he had come” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qete (sa) e·tule “I say (that) he is coming” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. san “*then”
sana
adjective. that
Element in
- ᴹQ. aldar olar sana nóresse “trees grow in that land” ✧ PE22/116
tyue
noun. [unglossed]
ve
preposition. with
Element in
- ᴹQ. ni·utúlie nyariello ve atarella “I have just come from talking with your father” ✧ PE22/119
maldo
noun. [unglossed]
nerno
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ√(N)DER “adult male, man; bridegroom”
olta-
verb. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ✶auluta- “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/058
Variations
- olta ✧ PE19/058
sahte
noun. [unglossed]
tanna
adverb. thither
Element in
- ᴹQ. mennai Orome tanna lende i erenekkoitanie “until Orome came hither that he might awake them” ✧ VT27/07
Elements
Word Gloss ta “that, it”
tante
noun. [unglossed]
teuka
?. [unglossed]
thar-
verb. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ√STAR “stiff” ✧ PE22/112
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√STAR > thare [star-] > [θar-] ✧ PE22/112
kaltua
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ✶kaltwa “[unglossed]” ✧ PE19/048
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶kalt-wa > kaltua [kaltwa] > [kaltua] ✧ PE19/048
laqe[t]-
verb. [unglossed]
Elements
Word Gloss lá “no, not” qet- “to say” Variations
laqe[t]✧ EtyAC/LA (laqe[t])
mahtya
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- maitya ✧ PE19/042 (maitya)
- maštša ✧ PE19/042 (Lin. maštša)
timpana
noun. [unglossed]
tatalta-
verb. [unglossed]
Elements
Word Gloss talta- “to slip (down), fall, slide down, slope” Variations
tatalta✧ PE22/115 (tatalta)
a
preposition. [unglossed]
Variations
- a ✧ PE21/03
alama
noun. [unglossed]
amaldume
noun. [unglossed]
anaristya
noun. [unglossed]
Elements
Word Gloss Anar “Sun” istya “knowledge”
assa
pronoun. [unglossed]
asse
pronoun. [unglossed]
engwa
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ✶eñma ✧ PE19/047
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶eñ-ma > eñwa > eñgwa [eŋma] > [eŋgwā] ✧ PE19/047 Variations
- eñgwa ✧ PE19/047
- ḗma ✧ PE19/047
ereáma
?. [unglossed]
Variations
- ĕrĕāma ✧ PE22/018
es
[unglossed]
hyelma
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) “glass” ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√KHYEL(ES) > hyelma [kʰjelma] > [xjelma] > [j̊elma] ✧ Ety/KHYEL(ES)
kanda
noun. [unglossed]
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶kándāvā̀ > kandava [kandāwā] > [kandawā] > [kandawa] > [kandava] ✧ PE19/060 ᴹ✶kandālī́nen > kandalīnen [kandālīnen] > [kandalīnen] ✧ PE19/060
karpalimaite
noun. [unglossed]
Elements
Word Gloss karpalimā Variations
- kà¹rpalimái²te ✧ PE19/058
lau(w)e
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ✶dagwe ✧ PE19/046
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶dagwe > lau(w)e [dagwe] > [lagwe] > [laɣwe] > [lauwe] > [laue] ✧ PE19/046
mai(y)a
noun. [unglossed]
Derivations
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶magyā > mai(y)a [magjā] > [maɣjā] > [maijā] > [maija] > [maia] ✧ PE19/046 ᴹ✶māya > mā̆iya > maia [māja] > [maija] > [maia] ✧ PE19/062 Variations
- maia ✧ PE19/062
- maiya ✧ PE19/062
nandakka-
verb. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ PE22/112
Elements
Word Gloss nak- “to kill, slay; to hate” Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√NDAK- > nandakka- [ndandakka-] > [nandakka-] ✧ PE22/112
niule
?. [unglossed]
rampa
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ√RAP “climb (as a tree by clinging[?])” ✧ PE22/127
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√RAP² > rampa [rampa] ✧ PE22/127
sarya
noun. [unglossed]
sisíria-
verb. [unglossed]
Elements
Word Gloss sirya- “to flow [smoothly]” Variations
sisíria✧ PE22/115 (sisíria)
séra
?. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ✶stegrā ✧ PE19/046
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶stegrā > thḗra [stegrā] > [θegrā] > [θeɣrā] > [θērā] > [θēra] > [sēra] ✧ PE19/046 Variations
- thḗra ✧ PE19/046
varinye
noun. [unglossed]
yelme
noun. [unglossed]
Derivations
- ᴹ√
YEL“friend” ✧ Ety/YELPhonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√YEL > yelme [jelme] ✧ Ety/YEL Variations
yelme✧ Ety/YEL (yelme)
éma
?. [unglossed]
-nye
suffix. I
Derivations
- ᴹ✶ni “I” ✧ Ety/NI²
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ✶NĪ² > nyē- [nje] ✧ Ety/NI² Variations
- nyē- ✧ EtyAC/NI²
ni
pronoun. I
Derivations
- ᴹ✶ni “I”
Element in
- ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·túlie ✧ PE22/122
- ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanelyanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne ✧ PE22/122
- ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanen (ela), en ni·tuluváne ✧ PE22/122
- ᴹQ. aiqe e kestanen (ela), en ni·utúliévane ✧ PE22/122
- ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen ela en ni túlie/karnet “if he had asked me (he did not), I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestanen, en(ai) ni·túlie/karnet “if he had asked me, I should have come/made it” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. aiqe e·kestuvan, ni·tuluva “If he asked me/were to ask me, I should come” ✧ PE22/120
- ᴹQ. aiqe kestuvan ni·tuluva “If he asked me/were he to ask, I should come” ✧ PE22/097
- ᴹQ. aiqe ni káraza (nila) san ette kára(za) yú “if I were doing this now (I am not), he would be doing it too” ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122
- ᴹQ. auve e·kestanen, au ni·túlie “if he had asked me, I might have come” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. illume e·kestanen/kestanelyanen, ni·tulle “when/if he (had) asked me, I came” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. kavinye antās “I can give it” ✧ PE22/092 (
ni·kave antās)- ᴹQ. lairesse nihare to tarassi, yu unta hrívesse landannar “in the summer I live in [i.e. on] the hills [as a rule], and come down to the plains in the winter” ✧ PE22/125
- ᴹQ. le·merne i ni·karnéte “you wished that I had made (lit. made) it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. man táre antáva nin Ilúvatar, Ilúvatar? “what will the Father, O Father, give me” ✧ LR/072
- ᴹQ. me·merilte karithe “we wish him to do it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. me·merilte tule “we wish him to come” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. me·merilti karilthi “we wish them to make them (other things)” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. nie karienna “I am to make; I am for/towards making it” ✧ PE22/123
- ᴹQ. nila karit “I do not make it” ✧ PE22/127
- ᴹQ. nila tyaze matie makse “I do not like eating meat” ✧ PE22/120
- ᴹQ. níla tyaze matite sí “I don’t like eating (to eat) it now” ✧ PE22/120
- ᴹQ. ni nahtanelya “I (am) having slain, I have slain” ✧ PE22/104
- ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tule “I said he is coming, I said (that) he was coming” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·tulle “I said he came, I stated that (at some time previous to my speaking) he came (but was no longer present)” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qente (sa) e·utúlie “I said he had come” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qete (sa) e·tule “I say (that) he is coming” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni qetis tule “I tell him to come, say to him to come, bid him to come” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. ni taltalya “I am slipping down” ✧ PE22/115
- ᴹQ. ni tele karite “I mean to make it” ✧ PE22/118; PE22/118 (
ni mene karite)- ᴹQ. ni tele tule “I intend to come” ✧ PE22/118; PE22/118 (
ni mene tule)- ᴹQ. ni·la nyára pa matie “I am not talking about eating” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·karithe “I wish him to do it/that he do(es) it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. ni·mere in e·tule “I wish him to come/that he come(s)” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. ni·merite karithe “I wish him to do it” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. ni·merite tule “I wish him to come” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. ni·te·qete tule “I tell him to come, say to him to come, bid him to come” ✧ PE22/118
- ᴹQ. ni·utúlie nyariello ve atarella “I have just come from talking with your father” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. qe e·kárie i kirya aldaryas, ni kauva kiryasta menelyas “if he finishes the boat by Monday, I shall be able to sail on Wednesday” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. qe e·kestan/kestuvan ni·tuluva “if he asks me, I shall come” ✧ PE22/097
- ᴹQ. qe e·kestanen, ni·tulle “if he asked me I came” ✧ PE22/121
- ᴹQ. qe e·kestan, ni·tuluva “if he asks me, I shall come” ✧ PE22/120
- ᴹQ. qe e·kestuvan, ni·tuluva “when he asks me, I shall come; if on some future occasion he asks me, then on that occasion I shall come” ✧ PE22/120
Variations
- ní ✧ PE22/120
yu
conjunction. and
A noun in The Etymologies of the late 1930s glossed “wool” and derived from the root ᴹ√TOW (Ety/TOW).
Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa of the 1910s had ᴱQ. oa “wool” under the early root ᴱ√OWO (QL/71). This became ᴱQ. toa in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, cognate to G. tô “wool” from primitive ᴱ✶tou̯ (GL/71). ᴹQ. tó “wool” first appeared in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s, but there it was an example of a monosyllable ō-noun derived from -ōʒǝ: ✱tōʒǝ (PE21/40). Compare this to ᴱN. tô “wool, fleece” from Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s derived from primitive ᴱ✶togō or ᴱ✶togo (PE13/154, 165).
Possible Etymology: The derivation ᴹ√TOW > ᴹQ. tó in The Etymologies seems to be the result of a sound change whereby stressed ou became ō (vs. unstressed ou becoming ū); this change was mentioned in both the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1930s (PE19/53) and the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s (PE19/106). However, in Tolkien’s later writing, the usual development of ou was to ū even if the syllable was stressed: compare ✶lou > lū and ✶lounē̆ > lūn in notes from the late 1960s (PE17/137).
Neo-Quenya: I would retain tó “wool” for purposes of Neo-Quenya, but would assume it is derived from either ✱tō or ✱togō, similar to its derivation from the earlier 1930s. This also makes it easier to retain ᴱN. tô “wool” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.