tyav-

taste

tyav- vb. "taste" (1st pers. aorist tyavin "I taste") (KYAB)

tyávë

taste

tyávë noun "taste" (pl. #tyáver attested only in the compound lámatyáver, see lámatyávë.) (MR:215, 216). It may be that the verb tyav- would also appear as tyávë in the past tense.

tyávë

noun. *taste

Element in

• Q. lámatyávë “*sound-taste” ✧ MR/215; MR/471
• ᴺQ. tyávelassë “spice, (lit.) taste-leaf”

Elements

Word	Gloss
tyav-	“to taste, to taste; [ᴱQ.] (impersonal) to taste of, reminds one of”

tyav-

verb. to taste, to taste; [ᴱQ.] (impersonal) to taste of, reminds one of

@@@ as derivative of KYAW perhaps past †tyaune > tyáve

Cognates

• S. caw- “to taste” ✧ PE22/152

Derivations

• √KYAW “taste, select, choose” ✧ PE22/151
• ✶kyaw- “to taste” ✧ PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152
  • √KYAW “taste, select, choose” ✧ PE22/152

Element in

• ᴺQ. tyavasta “sense of taste”
• Q. tyávë “*taste”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√KJABA > tyamne	[kjabne] > [kjamne] > [tjamne]	✧ PE22/151
✶kyawine > tyawin > tyavin	[kjawine] > [kjawin] > [tjawin] > [tjaβin] > [tjavin]	✧ PE22/152
✶kyawĭ > tyawe > tyave	[kjawi] > [kjawe] > [tjawe] > [tjaβe] > [tjave]	✧ PE22/152
✶kjāwā > tyáva	[kjāwā] > [tjāwā] > [tjāβā] > [tjāβa] > [tjāva]	✧ PE22/152
✶kyăwŭbā > tyauva	[kjawubā] > [kjawuβā] > [tjawuβā] > [tjauβā] > [tjauβa] > [tjauva]	✧ PE22/152
✶akyāwiē > atyā́vie	[akjāwiē] > [atjāwiē] > [atjāβiē] > [atjāβie] > [atjāvie]	✧ PE22/152
✶kyaw-ā > kyawa > tyoa	[kjawā] > [tjawā] > [tjoa]	✧ PE22/152

tyav-

verb. taste, select, choose

lapsa-

to lick

lapsa- vb. "to lick" (frequentative) (LAB)

lav-

verb. to lick

A verb for “to lick” based on the root √LAB of similar meaning (PE17/72; PE22/151-152; RGEO/59).

Conceptual Development: This verb dates all the way back to ᴱQ. lava- “lick” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s where it was derived from the early root ᴱ√LAVA (QL/52). It retained this form in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/134), and in The Etymologies of the 1930s it appeared as ᴹQ. lavin “I lick” under the root ᴹ√LAB “lick” (Ety/LAB). The verb and root continued to appear regularly in Tolkien’s later writings.

Cognates

• ᴺS. lav- “to lick”

Derivations

• √LAB “lick, move the tongue” ✧ PE22/151
• ✶lab- ✧ PE22/152; PE22/152
  • √LAB “lick, move the tongue” ✧ PE22/152

Element in

• Q. ar lumbulë undulávë ilyë tier “and (heavy) shadow swallowed (lit. down-licked) all roads” ✧ RGEO/59
• Q. undulav- “to drown, swallow, submerge, (lit.) lick down” ✧ PE17/072

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√LABA > lamne	[labne] > [lamne]	✧ PE22/151
✶labā́ > lava	[labā] > [laβā] > [laβa] > [lava]	✧ PE22/152
✶laƀuvā > lavuva	[labuvā] > [laβuvā] > [laβuva] > [lavuva]	✧ PE22/152

tastë

noun. fringe

Cognates

• ᴺS. tast “border, fringe”

Derivations

• ᴺ✶. TATH “fringe”

salpë

noun. sip, taste

Derivations

• ᴹ√SALAP “lick up, *sip”

tyavasta

noun. sense of taste

Elements

Word	Gloss
tyav-	“to taste, to taste; [ᴱQ.] (impersonal) to taste of, reminds one of”

caw-

verb. to taste

Cognates

• Q. tyav- “to taste, to taste; [ᴱQ.] (impersonal) to taste of, reminds one of” ✧ PE22/152

Derivations

• ✶kyaw- “to taste” ✧ PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152
  • √KYAW “taste, select, choose” ✧ PE22/152

Element in

• ᴺS. caweth “sense of taste, taste, judgement”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶kyawini > kawin(e) > cewin	[kjawini] > [kjawine] > [kawine] > [kewine] > [kewin]	✧ PE22/152
✶kjawĭ > caw	[kjawi] > [kjawe] > [kawe] > [kaw] > [kau]	✧ PE22/152
✶kjawathāni > cawathon	[kjawathāni] > [kjawathāne] > [kawathāne] > [kawathǭne] > [kawathaune] > [kawathaun] > [kawathon]	✧ PE22/152
✶kyaw-ā > cawo	[kjawā-] > [kawā-] > [kawǭ-] > [kawau-] > [kawo-]	✧ PE22/152
✶kjau̯nē > cawn	[kjaunē] > [kaunē] > [kaune] > [kaun]	✧ PE22/152
✶akjāwē-n > agauwen > agowen	[akjāwen] > [akāwen] > [akǭwen] > [akauwen] > [agauwen] > [agowen]	✧ PE22/152

caw-, cewin

verb. taste, select, choose

tastaith

noun. test

Cognates

• ᴺQ. tyasta- “to (put to the) test, *verify”

Elements

Word	Gloss
tasta-	“to (put to the) test, *verify”

caweth

noun. sense of taste, taste, judgement

Elements

Word	Gloss
caw-	“to taste”

lav

lick

(i lâf, i levir)

lhab

noun. sip

Derivations

• ᴹ√SALAP “lick up, *sip”

lav-

verb. to lick

Cognates

• Q. lav- “to lick”

kyab

root. taste

kyaw-

verb. to taste

Derivations

• √KYAW “taste, select, choose” ✧ PE22/152

Derivatives

• Q. tyav- “to taste, to taste; [ᴱQ.] (impersonal) to taste of, reminds one of” ✧ PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152
• S. caw- “to taste” ✧ PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152

kyaw

root. taste, select, choose

This root and ones like it were connected to taste throughout Tolkien’s life. The earliest manifestion of this root was ᴱ√TYAVA “to savour, taste” with derivatives like ᴱQ. tyausta “savour, flavour” and ᴱQ. tyava- “it tastes of, reminds one of” (QL/49); in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon it had derivatives like G. caf- “to taste” and G. côf “savour, smack, odour” (GL/24).

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root became ᴹ√KYAB “taste” with a derivative ᴹQ. tyav- of the same meaning (Ety/KYAB). This root and verb also appeared in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/102). The root appeared again in Late Notes on Verbs from 1969, first as √KJABA “taste”, then as √KJAW “taste, select, choose”, the latter with derivatives Q. tyav- and S. caw- “taste” (PE22/151, 152).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I recommend assuming the root was √KYAW, since some of the later derivatives like S. caw- can only be derived from this version of the root.

Derivatives

• ✶kyaw- “to taste” ✧ PE22/152
  • Q. tyav- “to taste, to taste; [ᴱQ.] (impersonal) to taste of, reminds one of” ✧ PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152
  • S. caw- “to taste” ✧ PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152; PE22/152
• ᴺQ. tyausta “savour, flavour”
• Q. tyav- “to taste, to taste; [ᴱQ.] (impersonal) to taste of, reminds one of” ✧ PE22/151
• ᴺS. cauda- “to get flavour of, perceive, notice; to taste (of the taster or person)”
• ᴺS. caust “savour, flavour”

Variations

• KJABA ✧ PE22/151
• KJAW ✧ PE22/152

tath

root. fringe

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. tastë “fringe”
• ᴺS. tast “border, fringe”

tyas

root. test, try [out], choose, select, taste

Derivatives

• ᴺQ. tyas- “to test, try [out], pick, choose”
• ᴺQ. tyasta- “to (put to the) test, *verify”
• ᴺQ. tyestima “testable”
• ᴺS. tasta- “to (put to the) test, *verify”

lhav-

verb. to lick

A noun appearing as N. lhâf “lick” (with Noldorin infinitive form lhebi) in The Etymologies of the 1930s from the root ᴹ√LAB of the same meaning (Ety/LAB) where the initial initial l was unvoiced to lh as was the case in Noldorin of the 1930s.

Conceptual Development: This verb was G. lav- “lick” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/53), clearly based on the early root ᴱ√LAVA since the unvoicing of initial l was not a feature of Gnomish in the 1910s.

Neo-Sindarin: Most Neo-Sindarin writers adapt this word as ᴺS. lav- “to lick” since the unvoicing of initial l was also not a feature of Sindarin in the 1950s and 60s.

Cognates

• ᴹQ. lav- “to lick” ✧ Ety/LAB

Derivations

• ᴹ√LAB “lick” ✧ Ety/LAB

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√LAB > lhefi	[lab-] > [lav-] > [l̥av-]	✧ Ety/LAB