sírë

river

sírë noun "river" (SIR, VT46:13), "stream" (LT1:265). Also short form sír, q.v.Compare #sirya.

sir-

flow

sir- (1) vb. "flow" (SIR)

sir-

verb. flow

sír

river

sír noun "river", shorter form of sirë (PE17:65, VT49:17)

sír(ë)

noun. river, river, [ᴱQ.] stream

The most common Quenya word for “river”, derived from the root √SIR “flow”.

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared as ᴱQ. sīre “stream” as a derivative of ᴱ√SIŘI [SIÐI] (QL/84), and this form and gloss also appeared in the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/84). The form ᴹQ. siri- “river” appeared in the Declension of Nouns (DN) from the early 1930s, along with uninflected sire with short i and various inflected forms with siry- (PE21/10). The form sīre “river” with long ī appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as a derivative of ᴹ√SIR “flow” (Ety/SIR; EtyAC/SIR). In several notes from the mid-1960s, it appeared in monosyllabic form sír (PE17/65) or sīr (VT49/17), but it had dual form siryat from the late 1960s implying a stem form of sirĭ- and a development similar to that of DN from the early 1930s (VT47/11).

Neo-Eldarin: Its form síre is probably better known and more commonly used in Neo-Quenya. For example this is the typical form in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

Cognates

• S. sîr “river, stream”

Derivations

• √SIR “flow”

Element in

• ᴺQ. anasirë “tributary”
• Q. caitas lá i sír “it is beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. caitas palla i sír “it is far beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. imbë siryat “between two rivers” ✧ VT47/11
• ᴺQ. lantasírë “waterfall, (lit.) falling river”
• Q. lendes lann’ i sír “he came (to a point) beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. lendes pallan(na) i sír “he came (to a point) far beyond the river” ✧ PE17/065
• Q. Siril

Variations

• sír ✧ PE17/065
• sīr ✧ VT49/17

sirya

river

#sirya noun "river", attested in the dual form siryat (VT47:11). Compare sírë.

sirya

verb. flow

celu

stream

celu _("k")_noun "stream" (LT1:257; rather celumë in LotR-style Quenya)

celusindi

river

celusindi _("k")_noun "river" (LT1:257; hardly a valid word in Tolkien's later Quenya, where the terms sírë and sirya appear instead)

nen

river

nen noun "river" (LT1:248), "river, water" (LT1:262) (In Tolkien's later Quenya, nén with a long vowel means "water", but hardly "river" - that is sírë.)

nuinë

suffix. river

Element in

• ᴺQ. nuinerocco “hippopotamus, (lit.) river-horse”

sindi

river

sindi noun "river" (LT1:265; rather sírë in LotR-style Quenya)

celumë

stream, flow

celumë ("k")noun "stream, flow" (KEL, LT1:257); locative pl. celumessen ("k") in Markirya (ëar-celumessen is translated "in the flowing sea", lit. *"in sea-streams").

hlóna

river, especially given to those at all seasons full of water from mountains

[hlóna (2) noun "a river, especially given to those at all seasons full of water from mountains" (VT48:27; the word is marked with a query and the note containing it rejected; it was apparently replaced by lón, q.v.)]

lutta-

flow, float

lutta- vb. "flow, float" (LT1:249)

lutu-

flow, float

lutu- vb. "flow, float" (LT1:249)

sîr

noun. river

sîr

stream

_ n. _stream. >> Nanduhirion

duin

noun. (long and large) river (having strong current)

rib-

verb. to flow like a (torrent ?)

The reading of the gloss is uncertain

siria

flow

(vb.) siria- (i hiria, i siriar).

siria

flow

(i hiria, i siriar).

sîr

river

1) (also = rill) sîr (i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”. 2) celon (i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn), 3) The word lind ”singer” may also be used of rivers (see . (WJ.309).

sîr

river

(i hîr, o sîr), in compounds sir- or -hir or -hír; no distinct pl. form except with article (i sîr), coll. pl. siriath. Note: sîr is also the adverb ”today”.

celeth

stream

(noun) 1) celeth (i geleth, o cheleth), pl. celith (i chelith), 2) sirith (i hirith, o sirith) (flowing), no distinct pl. except with article (i sirith), 3) nên (water, lake, pool, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn, 4) rant (watercourse, water-channel, lode, vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath.

celeth

stream

(i geleth, o cheleth), pl. celith (i chelith)

nên

stream

(water, lake, pool, waterland), construct nen, pl. nîn

rant

stream

(watercourse, water-channel, lode, vein), pl. raint (idh raint), coll. pl. rannath.

sirith

stream

(i hirith, o sirith) (flowing), no distinct pl. except with article (i sirith)

celon

river

(i gelon, o chelon), pl. celyn (pl. i chelyn)

duin

river

(long, large river with strong current) duin (i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin) (VT48:24)

ethir

of a river

(estuary), no distinct pl. form, but coll. pl. ethiriath. Note: a homophone means "spy".

lind

river

”singer” may also be used of rivers (see

rimma

flow like a torrent

(i rimma, idh rimmar)

duin

large river

(i dhuin), no distinct pl. form except with article (i nuin), coll. pl. duinath (Names:179, PM:54); compare the river-name Anduin, ”long river”.

sir

root. flow

The root √SIR and similar roots meant “flow” for most of Tolkien’s life. The earliest form of this root was ᴱ√SIŘI [SIÐI] “flow” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variant sini and derived forms like ᴱQ. sindi “river” and ᴱQ. síre “stream” (QL/84). The latter word became “river” in Tolkien’s later writings, and words appearing in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon like G. sîr “river” and G. siriol “flowing” (GL/67-68) rather than ✱✱sidh- indicate Tolkien very early revised the root to ✱ᴱ√SIRI. Indeed, the root was ᴹ√SIR “flow” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, and the root appeared with this form and essential meaning several times in Tolkien’s later writings (PE22/127, 135).

Derivatives

• ✶siru-
• ✶sīru “stream”
• ✶sirya- “to flow, to flow [smoothly]” ✧ PE22/135
  • Q. sirya- “to flow, to flow [smoothly]”
• Q. sír(ë) “river, river, [ᴱQ.] stream”
• S. sîr “river, stream” ✧ SA/sîr
• ᴺS. siriol “flowing, fluent, liquid, melliflous”

Element in

• ᴺS. ethiria- “to flow out”
• S. sirith “flowing” ✧ SA/sîr

Variations

• sir- ✧ SA/sîr

sīru

noun. stream

Derivations

• √SIR “flow”

Variations

• sīrŭ ✧ PE21/80

sîr

noun. river

sîr

noun. river

Cognates

• ᴹQ. síre “river” ✧ Ety/SIR

Derivations

• On. sīre “river” ✧ Ety/SIR
  • ᴹ√SIR “flow” ✧ Ety/SIR

Element in

• N. Beleghir “Great River”
• N. Calenhir “*Green River”
• N. Narosîr “Redway”
• N. Nanduhiriath “Dimrill-dale” ✧ RS/433
• N. Ossiriand “Land of Seven Rivers”
• N. Sirannon “Gate-stream”
• N. Sirion ✧ Ety/SIR

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. sīre > sîr	[sīre] > [sīr]	✧ Ety/SIR

siria-

verb. to flow

sirion

noun. great river

celon

noun. river

duirro

noun. river-bank

rhib-

verb. to flow like a (torrent ?)

The reading of the gloss is uncertain