raph

root. seize, grab, seize, grab, [ᴹ√] snatch

The root ᴹ√RAPH “snatch” itself first appeared in the Quenya Verbal System with a derived verb of ᴹQ. raf- of the same meaning (PE22/102), but it might have been a reemergence of the very first (deleted) gloss of the early root ᴱ√RAPA the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s: “handle hastily, snatch, grab” (QL/79). As for √RAPH, it reappeared in green-ink revisions to the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from around 1970 with the gloss “seize, grab” and a derivative Q. arpo “seizer, thief” (PE19/89 and note #101). On the original layer of composition for the same page (and therefore from the early 1950s) there is the verb Q. raf- “wave, brandish” which may be related, though if so it must represent some semantic drift (PE19/89).

raf-

verb. to wave, brandish, [ᴹQ.] to snatch, seize; to wave, brandish

A verb that first appeared in the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from the 1940s as ᴹQ. raphe “seizes”, with past tense rappe “seized” illustrating the phonetic development of mph to pp (PE19/45). The verb reappeared in the Quenya Verbal System (QVS) from 1948 as a derivative of the root ᴹ√RAPH “snatch”, again to illustrate the past tense of basic verbs whose stems primitively ended in ph (PE22/102).

The verb appeared yet again in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the early 1950s illustrating the same sound change, but there Tolkien changed the gloss of the verb to “waves, brandishes” (PE19/89). In green-ink revisions to OP2 from around 1970, Tolkien gave the meaning of the root as √RAPH “seize, grab” with a derived noun arpo “seizer, thief” (PE19/89 and note #101), so it seems the meaning “brandish” was a transient idea.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use raf- to mean “snatch, seize” based on the restored 1970 meaning of the root.

mapa-

verb. grasp, seize

mapa- vb. "grasp, seize" (MAP; according to LT2:339 this word was struck out in the "Gnomish Lexicon" [where it was quoted as the cognate of certain Gnomish words], but it reappears in the Etymologies.) Earlier material gives map- "take" (PE16:133) or map- "seize, take" with pa.t. nampë (QL:59); it is unclear if the pa.t. of map(a)- is still nampë in LotR-style Quenya.

amapta-

verb. to ravish, seize and carry off forcibly

atsa

catch, hook, claw

atsa noun "catch, hook, claw" (GAT)

mapta-

verb. ravish, rape

mapta- vb. "ravish, rape", pa.t. mapantë (PE13:163)

rapa-

verb. to snatch

A neologism for “snatch” coined by Helge Fauskanger for his NQNT (NQNT), possible based on the (deleted) meaning “handle hastily, snatch, grab” of the early root ᴱ√RAPA from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s.

mab-

verb. to seize, take away by force, *grasp

A “neologism” proposed by David Salo in his Gateway to Sindarin (GS/271), a simple extrapolation of the Old Noldorin verb ON. map- “seize, take away by force” and its Quenya equivalent ᴹQ. mapa- “grasp, seize”, both based on ᴹ√MAP “lay hold of with hand, seize” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/MAP). Based on the Old Noldorin glosses I would interpret this verb as having the connotation of forceful seizure, as opposed to ᴺS. nab- for simply taking something with or without force.

raph-

verb. to snatch, seize, steal, *rob

A neologism for “snatch, seize, steal” coined by Elaran based on √RAPH “seize, grab”, with the added sense “steal” inspired by related arpo “seizer, thief”. Personally I would use this verb for “snatch, seize, steal” = “✱rob, steal by violence”, as opposed to ᴺS. pil- “steal, thieve = steal by stealth or trickery”.

avautha-

verb. to ravish, seize (forcibly)

manga-

verb. to grab, *grip, hold, seize

mab

grasp

*mab*-[or maba-?] (i vâb, i mebir**) (seize). Only the ”Old Noldorin” form map- is cited in the source (LR:371 s.v. MAP)

mab

grasp

[or ✱maba-?] (i vâb, i mebir) (seize). Only the ”Old Noldorin” form map- is cited in the source (LR:371 s.v. MAP)****

raeda-

verb. to catch in a net

gad

catch

(i ’âd, i ngedir = i ñedir), pa.t. gant;

raeda

catch in a net

(i raeda, idh raedar) (VT42:12)

mab

noun. grasp

gad-

verb. to catch

gad-

verb. to catch

A verb for “catch” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√GAT (Ety/GAT). The root also had a Quenya derivative ᴹQ. atsa “catch, hook, claw”.

Conceptual Development: A possible precursor is G. croctha- “catch, snare, trap” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, a verb form of G. crog “hook” (GL/27).