Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
sapa-
verb. to dig
Cognates
- G. saptha- “to dig, bite into”
Derivations
- ᴱ√SAPA “dig, excavate” ✧ QL/082
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√SAPA > sapa- [sapa-] ✧ QL/082 Variations
- sap- ✧ PE16/145
sap-
verb. to dig
sampa
noun. spade
A noun appearing as ᴱQ. sampa “spade” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SAPA “dig, excavate” (QL/82). The noun reappeared with the same gloss in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/145).
Neo-Quenya: Since the root √SAP reappeared in Tolkien’s later writings, I would retain ᴺQ. sampa “spade, ✱shovel” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.
Cognates
- G. sabli “spade, shovel”
Derivations
- ᴱ√SAPA “dig, excavate” ✧ QL/082
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√SAPA > sampa [sampā] > [sampa] ✧ QL/082
kava-
verb. to dig
A word in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “dig” under the early root ᴱ√KAVA (QL/45). The verb form kav- reappeared in charts of Qenya Verb Forms from this same period, but there it was untranslated (PE14/28).
Derivations
- ᴱ√KAVA “*dig” ✧ QL/045
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√KAVA > kava- [kaβ-] > [kav-] ✧ QL/045 Variations
- kav- ✧ PE14/028
kav-
verb. to dig
A verb appearing as ᴱQ. sapa- “dig” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√SAPA of the same basic meaning (QL/82). The verb ᴱQ. sap- “dig” reappeared in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/145).
Neo-Quenya: Since the root √SAP appeared in Tolkien’s later writing, I would retain ᴺQ. sap- “to dig” for purposes of Neo-Quenya.