ruk
root. terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon
raukō
noun. demon
urku/urkō
noun. orc
rukhs
noun. Orc
uruk
noun. Orc
rûkh
noun. shout
A word glossed “shout” (SD/426). Andreas Moehn suggested (EotAL/RUKH) that it may be a verb rûkh- “to shout”, but it appears in a list of nouns, so I think it likelier that it is noun form.
rhaug
noun. demon
osp
noun. smoke
A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “smoke”, cognate of ᴹQ. usqe “reek”, both derived from primitive ᴹ✶us(u)k-wē under the root ᴹ√USUK (Ety/USUK). In the phonetic development of ᴹ✶us(u)k-wē to N. osp, the ancient kw became p and then short u became o, developments typical of both Noldorin and Sindarin.
Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the cognate of ᴱQ. usqe was G. usc, usg, or usb “fog, mist” (GL/75), and in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon ᴱQ. usqe was glossed “fog” and derived from the root ᴱ√ṢQṢ (QL/98). In The Etymologies of the 1930s the meaning of the related words became “smoke“ or “reek” [probably in its Old English sense = “smoke”] as noted above (Ety/USUK), and in writings after the 1930s Q. usquë became “dusk” (PE18/100; PE19/84; PE21/71; PE22/51) but its Sindarin equivalent did not appear.
Neo-Sindarin: Despite the shift in meaning of its Quenya cognate to “dusk”, I would still use osp for “smoke” in Neo-Sindarin, since there are several other “dusk” words but no other good candidates for “smoke”.
orch
noun. Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin
balrog
demon
n. (mighty) demon. A word made in ancient S. for the spirits (of 'māyan' origin) corrupted to his service by Melkor in the days outside Arda, before the coming of the Elves and the assault uopon Utumno. Q. pl1. Valaraucar. In a draft, Tolkien presented the Balrogs as of "Valar or Maian origin" (PE17:48). >> raug
glamog
noun. orc
raug
demon
n. demon. Q. rauca. >> Balrog
balrog
fire-demon
(i valrog), pl. balroeg (i malroeg). Coll. pl. balrogath is attested. Archaic form ✱balraug. (MR:79, WJ:415). The etymological meaning is rather ”power-demon”.
can
shout
(i gân, i chenir) (cry out, call). Adj.
caun
shout
(i gaun, o chaun) (clamour, outcry, cry), pl. coen (i choen), coll. pl. conath, the latter is used = "lamentation" (PM:345, 362). Note: a homophone of caun means "valour".
glam
shouting
(i ’lam) (din, uproar, confused yelling of beasts; tumult, confused noise; a body of Orcs), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath
glam
body of orcs
(i ’lam) (din, uproar, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath
glamhoth
host of tumult
(a term for Orcs, also translated ”Yelling-horde”). (UT:54, MR:109, 195;
orch
orc
(pl. yrch, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms: 1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i ’lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”
osp
smoke
(noun) osp (reek), pl. ysp
osp
smoke
(reek), pl. ysp
raug
demon
raug (-rog in compounds, as in Balrog), pl. roeg (idh roeg), coll. pl. #rogath (isolated from Balrogath, MR:79). Also used = ”powerful, hostile, and terrible creature”.
raug
demon
(-rog in compounds, as in Balrog), pl. roeg (idh roeg), coll. pl. #rogath (isolated from Balrogath, MR:79). Also used = ”powerful, hostile, and terrible creature”.
orco
noun. Orc
This word was adapted from its Sindarin cognate orch, since the Noldor did not encounter orcs until they returned to Middle-earth (WJ/390). There are two attested plurals for this word, orqui and orcor. One possible scenario is that the word was at first treated as a u-stem noun by analogy with urco (urcu-), but later as the two words were disassociated, the declension of orco was regularized and treated as an ordinary vocalic noun.
This is the theory followed here, so that orcor is considered the regular plural and orqui archaic, probably active only in the First Age. If you use the orqui plural, you should also treat this as a u-stem noun (orcu-). @@@
ruc-
verb. to feel fear or horror; *to flee (to)
arauco
noun. demon
rama-
to shout
rama- vb. "to shout" (LT1:259)
rauca
demon
rauca ("k")noun "demon" (PE17:48). Variant of rauco, q.v.
rauca
noun. demon
ruc-
verb. pluck
hollë
noun. shout
urch
noun. Orc
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
ruk
root. pluck
A root glossed “pluck” in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s serving as the basis for ᴹQ. ruk- of the same meaning (PE22/102), but mentioned nowhere else with this given meaning.
ruk
root. demon
hō
noun. shout
ruku
noun. smoke, reek
A noun glossed “smoke, reek” appearing in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√RUKU of the same meaning (QL/80).
rukta-
verb. to belch smoke, spout smoke; to cause to smoke; to smoke at a pipe
A word appearing as ᴱQ. rukta- “belch smoke, spout smoke — cause to smoke; smoke at pipe” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√RUKU “smoke, reek” (QL/80).
Neo-Quenya: I think this word can be revised to ᴺQ. uruhta- “to (cause to) smoke; to belch smoke” as a derivative of the later root √USUK, which I use as the basis for “smoke” words in Neo-Eldarin; this neologism was first coined by Shihali in a Discord chat on 2018-04-20.
ruku-
verb. to steam, smoke, reek
An intransitive verb glossed “to steam, smoke, reek” appearing in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from the early root ᴱ√RUKU “smoke, reek” (QL/80).
rauke
noun. demon
holle
noun. shout
karp-
verb. to pluck
A verb in the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s with present form karpe and past form karpie, derived from primitive ᴱ✶kṛp- “to pluck” (PE14/58), clearly related to the early root ᴱ√KᴬRPᴬR [KṚPṚ] from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/45). This verb appeared unglossed with various inflected forms in a document on Qenya Verb Forms, probably from the 1910s (PE14/34). A Qenya form karp- appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, but it is unclear whether this was a verb or just a representation of Qenya derivatives of the root (GL/27).
karpi-
verb. to pluck
ruku
root. smoke, reek
kṛp-
verb. to pluck
kṛpṛ
root. pluck
ruk-
verb. to pluck
rauko
noun. demon
hó
noun. shout
usc
noun. smoke
A noun for “smoke” developed from primitive ᴹ✶us(u)kwē (Ety/USUK). In this example, the loss of the second [u] was probably very early, since it appears in all child languages. This word is a good example of how [[ilk|[w] vanished after medial velars]] in Ilkorin, as noted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/usc).
auba
noun. shout
func
noun. smoke
A word for “smoke” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, clearly related to G. fug- “smoulder” (GL/36).
gam
noun. shout
graug
noun. demon
grôg
noun. demon
garw
noun. shout
graug
noun. demon
orka
noun. orc
orc
noun. Orc
The root ᴹ√RUK “demon” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives ᴹQ. rauko and N. rhaug of the same meaning, serving as the basis for N. Balrog (Ety/RUK). In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, similar “demon” words were derived from primitive ᴱ✶ʒǝroukē instead (QL/32). As for √RUK, in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 it was glossed “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire”, serving as the basis for both Q. rauko/S. raug “demon” and S. orch “Orc” < ✱urkō or ✱urkā (WJ/389-90, 415); the latter was instead derived from unglossed ᴹ√OROK in The Etymologies of the 1930s along with various other words for “goblin” in multiple Elvish languages (Ety/ÓROK). Primitive (o)rok reappeared in notes probably from the late 1950s denoting “anything that caused fear and/or horror” (MR/413); this might be a transition towards later √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire”.