rac- ("k")vb. "break", past participle rácina ("k") "broken" in Markirya
Middle Primitive Elvish
rak
root. stretch out, reach
d’rāk
noun. d’rāk
There are more words but they are from Tolkien's earlier conceptional periods. Tolkien likely changed these words as he evolved the aesthetics and completeness of the languages. You may even find languages that Tolkien later rejected. Do not mix words from different time periods unless you are familiar with the phonetic developments.
Early Primitive Elvish
a-rak-wa
adjective. a-rak-wa
Below: Tolkien's Late Period (1950–1973). These are from Tolkien's late conceptual period — his most settled forms of the languages. Prefer these over the earlier ones above when composing new text.
Quenya
rac-
verb. break
rac-
verb. to break
racta-
verb. stretch out, reach
racta- ("k") vb. "stretch out, reach" (LT2:335; read *rahta- if the word is to be adapted to LotR-style Quenya)
Primitive elvish
rak Reconstructed
root. break
This root appeared as ᴱ√RAKA “pile up” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, with derivatives like ᴱQ. rakta- “pile, hoard, amass, collect” and ᴱQ. rakte “pile, heap” (QL/78). In the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, there are similar forms with different meanings: G. ractha “breach” and G. rag- “break asunder, burst” (GL/64). This conceptual shift from “pile up” to “✱break” is supported by the word ᴱQ. ranka “broken” in drafts of the ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya poem from the end of the 1920s (PE16/77). Q. rak- “break” reappeared in the revised version of that poem from the late 1960s (MC/222-223), implying the root remained valid or (more likely) was abandoned but later restored. Q. rakine “stripped” in phonetic notes from 1959-60 might be related.
Noldorin
breitha-
verb. to break out suddenly
The first iteration of this root was as ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. rá “arm” and ᴱQ. ráma “wing” (QL/78). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. rath “the full arm” and G. ram “wing, pinion” (GL/64-65). In The Etymologies of the 1930s, “wing” words were based on ᴹ√RAM (Ety/RAM), but “arm” words were derived from ᴹ√RAK “stretch out, reach”: ᴹQ. ranko/N. rhanc “arm” along with ᴹQ. rangwe/N. rhaew “fathom” (Ety/RAK). The relationship to earlier and later ᴱ√RAKA/✱√RAK “break”, if any, is unclear.