quanta

full

quanta (1) ("q") adj. "full" (KWAT, Narqelion, VT39:8, VT43:28), "filled, full" (PE17:68); the gloss "filled" would suggest that quanta can be regarded as a passive participle of quat- (q.v.) In these phrases: quanta sarmë "full writing", writing with separate letters for vowels (VT39:8); #quanta tengwë "full sign" (only pl. quantë tengwi is attested), in early Elvish analysis of Quenya the term for a consonant + a vowel (then analyzed as a kind of unitary phoneme rather than two phonemes); hence a stem like mata- "eat" was analyzed as two quantë tengwi, namely ma + ta. (VT39:5)

quanta

adjective. full, filled, full, filled; [ᴱQ.] whole, all

A very well attested adjective for “full, filled” derived from the root √KWAT “fill” (PE17/68; PE23/101; Ety/KWAT).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s ᴱQ. qanta “full” derived from the early root ᴱ√QṆTṆ (QL/78). The contemporaneous Qenya Phonology had a variant ᴱQ. cunta “full” with a different vocalization of ṇ; in that document qanta was glossed “whole, all” (PE12/11). In QL, there was a similar form i qanda that meant “all the, the whole” in combination with the definite article (QL/70). The word qanta was glossed “all” Qenya word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/142), and prefixal qa(qe)- meant “all, every” in Demonstrative, Relative, and Correlative Stems (DRC) from 1948 (PE23/101). In Tolkien’s later writings usually √IL meant “all”.

quanta-

verb. to fill, to fill [something], *(lit.) make full; [ᴱQ.] to complete, *fulfill

A (probably transitive) verb for “to fill” derived from the root √KWAT of the same meaning, perhaps based more directly on the adjective quanta “full” (PE17/68). See also the basic verb quat- “fill”.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. qanta- “fill, complete” under the early root ᴱ√QṆTṆ (QL/78), with perhaps “complete” = “✱fulfill”.

quanta-

verb. fill

quanta- (2) vb. "fill" (PE17:68), cf. enquantuva "will refill" in Namárië. This verb seems to spring from a secondary use of the adjective quanta "full" as a verbal stem, whereas the synonym quat- (q.v.) is the original primary verb representing the basic root KWAT.

quanta emma

facsimile

quanta emma, quantemma noun "facsimile", a complete detailed visual reproduction (by any means) of a visible thing" (PE17:179), literally *"full picture", cf. emma, q.v.

quanta-tencele

noun. full writing

quat-

verb. fill

quat- vb. "fill" (WJ:392), future #quantuva "shall fill" (enquantuva "shall refill") (Nam, RGEO:67) Irrespective of the prefix en- "re", the form enquatuva (VT48:11) displays the expected future tense of quat-. The Namárië form enquantuva seems to include a nasal infix as well, which is possibly an optional feature of the future tense. On the other hand, PE17:68 cites the verb as quanta- rather than quat-, and then the future-tense form quantuva would be straightforward.

quat-

verb. to fill, to fill, *be filled

A verb for “fill” in the Quendi and Eldar essay (Q&E) from 1959-60 based on the root √KWAT of the same meaning (WJ/392). Compare with better attested quanta- “fill”. It may be that quanta- is transitive “fill [something] ” and quat- is intransitive “✱be filled”, as in nén quantane i yulma “water filled the cup” vs. i yulma quante nénanen “the cup filled with water”.

aia maría quanta eruanno

Hail Mary, full of grace

The first line of Aia María, Tolkien’s translation of the Ave Maria prayer. The first word Aia is a variant of aiya “hail”, followed by a Quenyarized form of “Mary”: María. The third word quanta is attested elsewhere with the meaning “full, filled” (PE17/68). The last word Eruanno is a compound of Eru “God” and anna “gift”, in the genitive, so that quanta Eruanno literally means “✱full of God’s gift”.

Decomposition: Broken into its constituent elements, this phrase would be:

> Aia María quanta Eru-ann(a)-o = “✱Hail Mary full God-gift-of”

Conceptual Development: This phrase was quite similar in earlier versions of this prayer, but the earlier versions used erulissenen instead of Eruanno. This word is a compound of Eru “God” and lissë “grace”, in the instrumental, so that quanta erulissenen literally means “✱filled by God’s grace”.

|  I  |II|III|IV| |Aiya|Aia| |María| |quanta|erulissenen|quanta| |erulissenen|quanta|Eruanno|

ataquanta-

verb. refall, fall second time, double fall

ataquanta- vb. "refall, fall second time, double fall" (sic in PE17:166). The correct gloss must be "refill, fill second time, double fill", which would connect with the verb quanta- "fill" and also make rather better sense.

enquanta-

verb. refill

enquanta- vb. "refill" (PE17:167), enquantuva vb. "shall refill" (Nam); cf. see en-, quat-, quanta-

sínen i·anda nyarnë metta ar taina andaurenya na quanta

*with this the long tale ends and my extended long day is complete

-uva

fill

-uva future tense ending. In avuva, caluva, cenuva, hiruva, (en)quantuva, (en)tuluva, laituvalmet, lauva, maruvan, termaruva, tiruvantes. A final -a drops out before the ending -uva is added: quanta- "fill", future tense quantuva (PE17:68). A verbal stem in -av- may be contracted when -uva follows, as when avuva is stated to have become auva (VT49:13). Origin/etymology of the ending -uva, see VT48:32. In VT49:30, the future tense of the verb "to be" is given as uva, apparently the future-tense "ending" appearing independently, but several other sources rather give nauva for "will be" (see ná #1).