Sindarin 

ónen

suffix. I gave

v. pa.t. & pron. suff. I gave. ónen i·Estel Edain 'I gave the "Hope" (to) Men'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:93:117:147] < ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ónen

noun. I gave

Written onen in some editions of LotR. In the Qenyaqetsa, Qenya anta- is marked as having an irregular past tense áne. Assuming the same sound-shifts as observed in other words, this would indeed lead to onen in Sindarin, see PE/12:31 and TT/14:48-49

Sindarin [LotR/A(v)] Group: SINDICT. Published by

anna-

verb. to give, †add to

The most commonly accepted Sindarin verb for “give” is S. anna-, but Tolkien experimented with a variety of other forms throughout his life. Its best known form is its strong past ôn “gave” as in ónen i-Estel EdainI gave Hope to the Dúnedain” from The Lord of the Rings Appendix A (LotR/1061).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. antha- “give” (GL/19), equivalent to ᴱQ. anta- under the early root ᴱ√ANA “give, send towards” in the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/31). In the 1910s the medial combination nth survived, but by the 1930s medial nth became nn, and The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. anno “to give” under the root ᴹ√ANA “to, towards” as the equivalent of ᴹQ. anta- “give” (Ety/ANA¹). The Sindarin version of the Lord’s Prayer from the mid-1950s had imperative anno “give” in anno ammen sír i mbas ilaurui vín “give us this day our daily bread” (VT44/21).

Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957 instead had S. anta- “give” (PE17/147), which seems to belong to a (brief?) period where Tolkien abandoned the development of nt to nn; see my essay on Sindarin Articles and Mutations from Parma Eldalamberon #23 for further discussion. There was a verb form anha- “give” from around 1967 which might represent a conceptual stage where nt became voiceless nh but did not further advance to voiced nn (PE17/147). In Late Notes on Verb Structure (LVS) from 1969, Tolkien the described verb’s derivation as follows:

> The Q. causative anta­ ... is due to blending AN with the unrelated verbal stem {ƷAN >>} HAN “give”, {which in Q. and S. lost the initial spirant ʒ, that in T. became h- >>} which in S. lost the initial breath h of CE, that in Q., T. remained h- (T hanin “I give”) ... S[indarin] strong verb (lost in Q.) aned, pa.t. ónen, T hanna (PE22/163 and note #99).

This last example implies a basic/strong verb form S. an- “give” [e.g. ✱ân “he gives”, ✱enin “I give”] with gerund aned “✱giving” and strong past ôn “✱gave”. It is possible, though, that only the past and gerund were strong, and the base verb remained S. anna- analogous to T. hanna.

Neo-Sindarin: For purpose of Neo-Sindarin I would stick with S. anna- “give”, since it is a direct equivalent of the well-attested Q. anta- “give” if one assumes nt &gt; nth &gt; nn, which seems to be the rule for most of the 1930s through 1960s.

Sindarin [LotR/1061; PE17/093; PE17/117; PE17/147; PE22/163; VT44/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

im

i

but as subject usually simply the ending -n, as in ónen

Lossoth

noun. the Snowmen

Sindarin [LotR/A, RGEO/70] loss+hoth. Group: SINDICT. Published by

anfangrim

noun. the Longbeards (a tribe of Dwarves)

Sindarin [WJ/322] anfang+rim. Group: SINDICT. Published by

anglennatha

verb. (he) will approach

Sindarin [SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

anha-

verb. to give

avo

verb. don't!

Used as a negative adverb before an imperative: avo garo "don't do it!". Sometimes used as prefix: avgaro

Sindarin [WJ/371] Group: SINDICT. Published by

avon

verb. I won't

Sindarin [WJ/371] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cuio

verb. live!

Sindarin [LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dagorath

noun. all the battles

Sindarin [UT/395-396] Group: SINDICT. Published by

drúwaith

noun. the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.)

Sindarin [UT/385] drû+gwaith. Group: SINDICT. Published by

falathrim

noun. people of the Falas

Sindarin [WJ/378] falas+rim. Group: SINDICT. Published by

galadhad

noun. the Two Trees of Valinor

Sindarin [Orgaladhad LotR/D] Group: SINDICT. Published by

im

pronoun. I

In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").

Sindarin [LotR/II:IV, LB/354, VT/47:14,37-38] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lammas

noun. account of tongues

Sindarin [LR/167, WJ/206, WJ/393, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lâf

verb. (he) licks

Sindarin [Ety/367, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lôd

verb. (he) floats

Sindarin [VT/45:29, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

noro

verb. run! ride!

Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (not a literal translation) and later translated as "run swift" in RC/195. A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"

Sindarin [noro lim LotR/I:XII, RS/196, RC/195] Group: SINDICT. Published by

pêd

verb. (he) says

Sindarin [guren bêd enni VT/41:11] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rammas

noun. (great) wall

Sindarin [LotR/V:I, LotR/Index] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rochirrim

noun. horse-lords, the people of Rohan

Sindarin [LotR, etc.] rochir+rim. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

Sindarin [Ety/395, WJ/254] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ón annin

*he gave (it) to me

Sindarin [PE17/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ónen i-estel edain

I gave Hope to the Dúnedain

Sindarin [LotR/1061; PE17/117] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ni

pronoun. I

nin

i

”me”, genitive nín ”my”, dative anim or enni ”to me, for me”.

Noldorin 

anna-

verb. to give

Noldorin [Ety/ANA¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

blâb

verb. (he) flaps, beats

The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb

Noldorin [Ety/380] Group: SINDICT. Published by

im

pronoun. I

lhammas

noun. account of tongues

Noldorin [LR/167, WJ/206, WJ/393, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhâf

verb. (he) licks

Noldorin [Ety/367, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhôd

verb. (he) floats

Noldorin [VT/45:29, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

orthor

verb. (he) masters, conquers

Noldorin [Ety/395] Group: SINDICT. Published by

osgar

verb. (he) cuts, amputates

Noldorin [Ety/379] Group: SINDICT. Published by

síla

verb. (he) shines white

Noldorin [LB/354] Group: SINDICT. Published by

sôg

verb. (he) drinks

Noldorin [Ety/388] Group: SINDICT. Published by

thia

verb. it appears

Noldorin [Ety/392] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tôg

verb. (he) leads, brings

Noldorin [Ety/395] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

Noldorin [Ety/395, WJ/254] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Telerin 

han-

verb. to give

Quenya 

-n

suffix. I

-n(yë)

suffix. I

Quenya [PE17/057; PE17/075; PE17/190; PE22/161; VT49/16; VT49/48; VT49/51] Group: Eldamo. Published by

antanë ninna

*he gave (it) to me

inyë

i, too

inyë emphatic independent 1st person sg. pronoun, "I" with emphasis, translated "I, too" in LR:61 (and, according to one reading of Tolkiens manuscript, in VT49:49).


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Early Quenya

ónen

feminine name. Ónen

Early Quenya [LT1/061; LT1/063; LT1/079; LT1/130; LT1A/Ónen; LT1I/Ónen; LT1I/Uinen; LT2/051; LT2I/Oinen; LT2I/Ónen; LT2I/Uinen; PE14/014; PE15/08; PME/070; PME/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anta-

verb. to give

Early Quenya [MC/215; MC/221; PE12/027; PE14/053; PE14/086; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/077; PE16/090; PE16/092; QL/031; QL/072] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

antha-

verb. to give

Gnomish [GG/11; GL/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

im

pronoun. I

Qenya 

-nye

suffix. I

anta-

verb. to give

Qenya [Ety/ANA¹; EtyAC/YAN²; LR/063; LR/072; PE22/044; PE22/092; PE23/073; PE23/074; PE23/076; PE23/077; PE23/084; PE23/088; PE23/090; PE23/093; PE23/095; PE23/107] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

ni

pronoun. I

Old Noldorin [PE22/098; PE22/121] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yanta-

verb. to give

Old Noldorin [EtyAC/YAN²] Group: Eldamo. Published by