halla

naked

[halla (2) adj. "naked" (VT46:14), changed by Tolkien to helda]

parca

naked

parca (2) ("k")adj. "naked", of persons (PE17:86)

parnë

adjective. bald, bare, naked

A word derived from √PAR “peel” appearing in various notes from the late 1950s and early 1960s, given as parna or parne and variously translated as “bare”, “bare, naked” and “bald, bare” (PE17/86, 171). In one note its primitive base PARAN was glossed “peeled, bare, naked, unclad”, but that note was deleted (PE17/171). This word exists in connection with Tolkien’s later explanation for S. Dol Baran “✱Bare Hill” (RC/433).

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the word ᴱQ. falkasse(a) “bald” under the early root ᴱ√FALA (QL/37), where its second element is ᴱ√KASA “head” (hat-tip to Lokyt for pointing out), thus literally meaning “✱bare-headed” (QL/37). There were a number of other words meaning “naked”; see Q. parca for discussion.

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I would use this word in the sense of “having no natural covering”, so meaning bald or hairless in reference to people or animals, or without trees in references to landscape (naturally so, because none happen to grow there). I would use [ᴹQ.] helda for “naked = ✱without clothing”.

Changes

• parna → parne ✧ PE17/171

Cognates

• S. paran “bare, naked; smooth, shaven” ✧ PE17/086

Derivations

• √PAR “peel, peel, *bare” ✧ PE17/086
• ✶paran “bare, bald, naked, unclad” ✧ PE17/171; PE17/171
  • √PAR “peel, peel, *bare” ✧ PE17/171

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√PAR > parna	[parna]	✧ PE17/086
✶paran > parne	[parne]	✧ PE17/171
✶PARAN > parne	[parne]	✧ PE17/171

Variations

• parna ✧ PE17/086; PE17/171 (parna)
• parne ✧ PE17/171; PE17/171 (parne)

parna

bare

parna adj. "bare" (PE17:86), also with variant form parnë (PE17:171)

parna

adjective. bare

helda

naked, stripped bare

helda (1) adj. "naked, stripped bare" (SKEL, SKAL1)

lanc

noun. naked

lanc

adjective. naked

A word for “naked” in the name Amon Lanc “Naked Hill” (UT/280).

Element in

• S. Amon Lanc “Naked Hill” ✧ UT/280

Variations

• Lanc ✧ UT/280

paran

adjective. naked

_ adj. _naked, bald, bare. Q. parne. >> baran, Dol Baran

parch

adjective. naked

_ adj. _naked, of persons. Q. parka.

paran

adjective. bare, naked; smooth, shaven

A word for “bare, naked” appearing in notes from the late 1950s and early 1960s to explain the name Dol Baran. This name was originally intended to be “✱Brown Hill” with the second element N. baran “brown”; see N. Dolbaran from The Etymologies of the 1930s, which had baran as its second element (Ety/BARÁN). This meaning survived until Tolkien was working on the index to The Lord of the Rings (RC/433), but there he recognized this was problematic because the adjective baran should be mutated to varan. To resolve this quandary, Tolkien coined paran from the root √PAR “peel”, and this new adjective was variously glossed “smooth, shaven” (RC/433), “bare” (PE17/86) or “bare, naked” (PE17/171).

Conceptual Development: The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had some similar “bare” words: G. falt “bare” (GL/33) and fôl “empty, bare — leafless, esp. of trees” (GL/35), both based on the early root ᴱ√FALA “bare, nude” (QL/37).

Cognates

• Q. parnë “bald, bare, naked” ✧ PE17/086

Derivations

• √PAR “peel, peel, *bare” ✧ PE17/086
• ✶paran “bare, bald, naked, unclad” ✧ PE17/171
  • √PAR “peel, peel, *bare” ✧ PE17/171

Element in

• S. Dol Baran “*Bare Hill” ✧ PE17/086; PE17/171; RC/433

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√PAR > paran	[parane] > [paran]	✧ PE17/086
✶PARAN > Baran	[parane] > [paran]	✧ PE17/171

Variations

• Paran ✧ RC/433

hell

naked

1) hell (lenited chell; pl. hill), 2) lanc (pl. lainc). Note: homophones means ”neck, throat” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

hell

naked

(lenited chell; pl. hill)

lanc

naked

(pl. lainc). Note: homophones means ”neck, throat” and also ”sharp edge, sudden end, brink”.

paran

adjective. bare, bald, naked, unclad

Derivations

• √PAR “peel, peel, *bare” ✧ PE17/171

Derivatives

• Q. parnë “bald, bare, naked” ✧ PE17/171; PE17/171
• S. paran “bare, naked; smooth, shaven” ✧ PE17/171

Variations

• PARAN ✧ PE17/171 (PARAN)

hell

adjective. naked

hell

adjective. naked, naked, *stripped

An adjective in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “naked” and derived from primitive ᴹ✶skelnā under the root ᴹ√SKEL (Ety/SKEL). This word was originally hall “naked” under an earlier but deleted form of the root ᴹ√SKAL (EtyAC/SKEL). The root ᴹ√SKEL was also the basis for the verb N. heltha- “to strip”, and its Quenya derivative ᴹQ. helda was at one point was glossed “stripped bare” (Ety/SKAL¹), so the word hell seems to mean “naked” in the sense “✱stripped (of clothing or other covering)”.

Conceptual Development: There are a couple of earlier “naked” words in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s that seems to be similarly derived. G. dautha “naked, stripped” was related to daf- “to strip, flay” (GL/29) and G. hulc “naked” (GL/49) is like the cognate of ᴱQ. hulqa “naked” under the early root ᴱ√HULU “strip” (QL/41). In later writings, some “naked” words were derived from √PAR “peel” instead (PE17/86, 171).

Changes

• hall → hell “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL

Cognates

• ᴹQ. helda “naked, stripped bare” ✧ Ety/SKEL
• ᴹQ. halla “naked” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Derivations

• On. skhella “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
  • ᴹ✶skelnā “naked” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL
  • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. skhella > hell	[sxella] > [xella] > [xell] > [hell]	✧ Ety/SKEL
On. skhalla > hall	[sxalla] > [xalla] > [xall] > [hall]	✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Variations

• hell ✧ Ety/SKEL
• hall ✧ EtyAC/SKEL (hall)