Primitive elvish

lepene

noun. five

Derivations

  • LEPEN “five” ✧ VT47/24

Derivatives

  • Q. lempë “five” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
  • S. leben “five” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
  • T. lepen “five” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24

Element in

Variations

  • lepen ✧ PE17/095
  • lepenē̆ ✧ VT47/24
Primitive elvish [PE17/095; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lepen

root. five

LEPEN was the most common root for “five” in Tolkien’s writings, but he explored a variety of other options. Its earliest iteration appeared in the Qenya and Gnomish lexicons as ᴱ√LEH (QL/52) or ᴱ√LEF “half” (GL/53), so I think the actual early form was ✱ᴱ√LEǶE [lexʷe]. At this early stage it had derivatives with the meanings “five”, “ten”, and “half”, but in later writings “ten” became ᴹ√KAYAN >> √KWAY(AM) and “half” became √PER.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s the root appeared as ᴹ√LEPEN “five” with variant ᴹ√LEPEK, but ᴹ√LEPEK had no derivatives (Ety/LEP). √LEPEN appeared again in a list of numbers from the late 1950s or early 1960s beside a variant √LENEP; again the variant had no clear derivatives (PE17/95). √LEPEN reappeared in numeric discussions from the late 1960s (VT42/24; VT47/10). In these late discussions Tolkien said that “five” most likely originally from ✱lepem as an ancient plural of √LEP, but it seems this became √LEPEN already in Common Eldarin (CE), given that the Sindarin word for “five” remained S. leben; Tolkien gave varying explanations for this CE sound change, either as dissimilation from p (VT47/26 note 2) or with final -m > -n being the regular phonetic development (VT47/24).

Derivatives

  • lepene “five” ✧ VT47/24
    • Q. lempë “five” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
    • S. leben “five” ✧ PE17/095; VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
    • T. lepen “five” ✧ VT42/24; VT47/10; VT47/24
  • Q. lempë “five” ✧ PE17/095
  • ᴺS. lebem “fifteen”

Element in

Variations

  • LENEP ✧ PE17/095; PE17/159; PE17/160
  • lepen ✧ VT42/24; VT42/26; VT42/26
  • lepem ✧ VT42/26 (lepem); VT47/16; VT47/24 (lepem); VT47/27
Primitive elvish [PE17/095; PE17/159; PE17/160; VT42/24; VT42/26; VT47/16; VT47/24; VT47/27] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lenep

root. five

lepem

root. five