An adjective (or adverb?) translated as “far” (SD/247, SD/312).
Adûnaic
khay-
verb. to lie (down)
êphal
adjective. far
Primitive elvish
khā
adverb. far
Noldorin
hae
adjective. far, remote, distant
Sindarin
hae
adjective. far, remote, distant
haeron
adjective. far, remote, distant
haer
far
(adj.) *haer (remote, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. (Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira_.) _Also hae (remote, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
haer
far
(remote, distant), lenited chaer; no distinct pl. form. *(Tentative correction of ”haen” in VT45:20; compare Quenya haira.) *Also hae (remote, distant, on the other side, further); lenited chae; no distinct pl. form.
Quenya
caita-
verb. to lie (down)
The Quenya verb for “lie” based on the root √KAY of the same meaning (PE17/72; PE22/156). It is a half-strong verb with half-strong past ceantë (PE22/157, 164), but it more commonly uses a strong past caine “lay” (PE17/72; PE22/159; VT48/12) as is often the case for verbs derived from y-roots. This version of the verb is intransitive, but there also seems to be transitive variant caita- “✱lay” with a weak past form caitane (PE22/159); see that entry for discussion.
The verb caita- is not used to describe the location of regions or other flat geographical features like lakes; the verb [ᴹQ.] lat- “spread, extend, be situated” is used for that purpose instead (PE22/126); see that entry for discussion.
Conceptual Development: In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, ᴱQ. kaita- was a transitive verb with the gloss “to place” under the early root ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” (QL/46). The intransitive verbs in this period were ᴱQ. {kaito- >>} kaima- “lie quiet” < ᴱ√KAYA (QL/46) and ᴱQ. kama- “lie down” < ᴱ√KAMA (QL/44). The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s had kaita “lie down” (PE14/58), but the first version of the ᴱQ. Oilima Markirya used ᴱQ. kaya- “to lie” (MC/221; PE16/75) and kay- “lie” appeared in Qenya Word-lists from slightly earlier (PE16/132).
Starting in the late 1930s, intransitive “lie” seems to have been only ᴹQ. kaita- (VT27/7; PE22/126).
haiya
far
haiya adj. "far" (SD:247). Also háya.
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
Middle Primitive Elvish
khay
root. far, distant, remote
The earliest hints of this root are some words in the Gnomish Lexicon such as G. hai “there (by him)”, G. haig “way, road, path” and G. haitha- “hie, go, fare, walk” (GL/47), indicating the existence of an early root ✱ᴱ√HAYA. The Etymologies of the 1930s had ᴹ√KHAYA “far, distant, remote” with derivatives in Quenya and Noldorin of similar meaning such as ᴹQ. haira “remote, far” and (unglossed) N. hae (Ety/KHAYA; EtyAC/KHAYA). Tolkien’s continued use of words like S. hae “far, very far away” and S. haered “remote(ness)” in later writings indicates its continued validity (LotR/238; PE17/25). In a list of monoconsonantal roots from the late 1960s Tolkien gave ✶khā “far”, perhaps a more rudimentary form of this root, but the list where it appeared was struck through (VT47/35).
Gnomish
cum-
verb. to lie (down)
A verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “lie (down)” (GL/27), probably related to the early root ᴱ√KAMA of the same meaning (QL/44).
Early Noldorin
eg
adverb. far, far, †wide; [G.] far away, wide, distant, far off
A verb appearing only as akhaini “lay” in the first draft of the Lament of Akallabêth (SD/312). In later versions of the Lament it was change to the verb yad- “to go”, but since this replacement has a different sense, perhaps khay- remains valid.
This verb is only attested in the form akhaina “lay” and like all the draft verbs is difficult to analyze. Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne analyze its initial element as the 3rd-singular pronominal suffix a- and its final element -ni as a past tense marker (VSH/34, 37), also suggesting it may be derived from the Elvish root √KAY “lie (down)” (AAD/10). This Elvish derivation seems likely to me, but I think the form of the verb may instead be the draft-perfect.
Thorsten Renk suggested (NBA/35) the verb stem may instead be khain-. While he could be right about its use in the draft Adûnaic language, this doesn’t fit the later phonetic rules of Lowdham’s Report, which allow only long diphthongs in Classical Adûnaic (SD/423).